I spent this week chatting online with French film-maker, publisher and historian Rene Vienet, who began his two decades of involvement with Taiwan’s nuclear power program in the late 1970s as the representative for the French nuclear firm Cogema (today known as Orano).
We discussed his work in Taiwan over the years, and the tough decisions involving spent nuclear fuel currently facing Taiwan’s policymakers. The second part of the interview will appear on March 22. The interview has been condensed and edited for clarity.
Michael Turton: You got in touch with me to discuss the problem of Taiwan’s spent nuclear fuel. Why does this concern you so deeply?
Photo: Michael Turton
Rene Vienet: As the negotiator in Taipei of the French supply to Taiwan Power Company of enriched uranium, I was the main messenger of France’s commitment that the recycling option for spent nuclear fuel would be open, once [Taipei] decided for it. To say the least, I was frustrated when certain French bureaucrats, by 2000, had achieved to derail this plan, for very bad reasons. Since then, I have penned a lengthy article [archive.org/details/taiwan-nucler-spent-fuel-20200320] on this topic to put the record straight.
Personally, I am not comfortable with my Taiwanese family, and millions of other people, living near the four over-saturated reactor pools at the Jinshan and Guosheng nuclear power plants. These pools were never designed for long term storage. They are transfer pools intended for a few years cooling of the spent fuel before it is taken away. Spent fuel overstaying in over-saturated reactor transfer pools is not a reasonable strategy. Can the [Democratic Progressive Party] DPP government solve, in a smart way, the disputed issue of Taiwan’s spent fuel disposal, far away from Jinshan and Guosheng?
MT: Why France? How did the idea of recycling spent fuel in France originate?
Photo courtesy of Taipower
RV: It all began with the visit of [former finance minister and then-minister without portfolio] Li Kwoh-ting (李國鼎) to the La Hague Nuclear Recycling and Reprocessing Plant in 1981 and his decision to approve the procurement of a huge amount of enriched uranium from France.
Dr Li was very impressed by the La Hague plant and, with the idea in mind of later recycling Taiwan’s spent fuel in France, he consented that Taipower [Taiwan Power Co] sign for a huge enriched uranium contract in 1982: a 20-year supply contract for one third of the needs of Taiwan’s six existing nuclear reactors (and the next two ones, then postponed but still in project). Banque [BNP] Paribas, of which I was also the delegate, arranged the financing with the explicit support of the French Ministry of Finance. The contract, which I initialed on Bastille Day, July 14th, 1982, in fact lasted until 2013.
MT: All the reactors in Taiwan at that time were American-built. Was the US involved in this at all?
Photo provided by a reader
RV: I was a young delegate of the recently established Cogema [today known as Orano] corporation, and the older Paribas Bank. I followed the advice of my friend Mark Pratt, then the number two official at the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT), who in many ways was my coach for this fine-tuned development of French nuclear fuel industry in Taiwan.
As you know, besides the AIEA’s [International Atomic Energy Agency] own controls, the country of origin of nuclear reactors has the obligation of control over the spent nuclear fuel. This is another safeguard against nuclear proliferation. As the six reactors in operation in Taiwan by then were American, Washington had full control over all Taiwan’s spent fuel (whatever the origin of imported fresh fuel).
MT: So Washington was in on it from the start.
Photo: Lin Hsin-han, Taipei Times
RV: Yes. Mark agreed that the best possible ultimate fate for Taiwan’s spent fuel would be reprocessing in France, leaving no plutonium in Taiwan. He offered me two further tips. First, always arrange a visit to La Hague when escorting Taiwanese visitors to the Eurodif [European Gaseous Diffusion Uranium Enrichment Consortium, a subsidiary of Orano] enrichment facility. Then, never forget that Dr Li, with his broad overview on energy and technology and economy, would be the ultimate decision-maker.
Dr Li was a smart, swift and easy-to-access statesman. Our dialogue was simple and friendly. We met, without protocol, usually in one of his downtown offices, sometimes also in his Minister of State office within the PM compound
Ever since, Washington has always demonstrated goodwill for Taiwan’s spent fuel to be recycled in France.
Photo Courtesy of the Atomic Energy Council
MT: Did you also work with the dangwai (黨外, “outside the party”) during this period?
RV: Yes. Dr Fredrick Chien (錢復), then in charge of foreign affairs, reminded me that Taiwan’s path to democracy implied that dangwai personalities should share correct and valuable information on long term energy issues. So, again, Mark introduced me, during the frequent get-together dinners and cocktail parties at his residence, next to mine, to some dangwai leaders whom I had spotted during the Kaohsiung Incident trials I had attended.
My next guest at La Hague was of course Taipei county commissioner You Ching (尤清), a dangwai heavyweight. He had the Jinshan and Guosheng nuclear power stations in his constituency (today’s New Taipei City). You Ching was not pro-nuclear, but pleased that France had a solution for what he considered his most thorny worry, the spent fuel which he did not want to overstay on his turf. Once he returned from La Hague, I suggested he should share his impressions with Taipower’s Nuclear Fuel Department deputy director. He obliged with an informal dinner at his Banciao residence, and they got along quite well, both happy that France would take away the spent fuel.
I also arranged the visit to La Hague of some lawyers close to the future of the DPP: Chen Shui-bian (陳水扁). Chen could not go at the last minute and suggested that his friend Chang Chun-hsiung (張俊雄) replace him and travel with their colleague Paiff Huang (黃柏夫), who happened to be the AIT lawyer.
MT: Sounds like you were quite bipartisan in your strategy.
RV: Very much, for sound obvious reasons. I had anticipated when I interviewed for the French main weekly l’Express president Chiang Ching-kuo (蔣經國) on Christmas day of 1978 — at the time I was leaving French university to move to Taiwan a few weeks later with a comprehensive project to develop France-Taiwan relations. Though it was a tense moment due to Washington moving its embassy to Beijing, and elections being canceled, and [then-US deputy secretary of state] Warren Christopher receiving a shaky welcome from Taoyuan Airport to his hotel, I bet that ultimately democracy would prevail in Taiwan.
Notes from Central Taiwan is a column written by long-term resident Michael Turton, who provides incisive commentary informed by three decades of living in and writing about his adoptive country.
Under pressure, President William Lai (賴清德) has enacted his first cabinet reshuffle. Whether it will be enough to staunch the bleeding remains to be seen. Cabinet members in the Executive Yuan almost always end up as sacrificial lambs, especially those appointed early in a president’s term. When presidents are under pressure, the cabinet is reshuffled. This is not unique to any party or president; this is the custom. This is the case in many democracies, especially parliamentary ones. In Taiwan, constitutionally the president presides over the heads of the five branches of government, each of which is confusingly translated as “president”
Sept. 1 to Sept. 7 In 1899, Kozaburo Hirai became the first documented Japanese to wed a Taiwanese under colonial rule. The soldier was partly motivated by the government’s policy of assimilating the Taiwanese population through intermarriage. While his friends and family disapproved and even mocked him, the marriage endured. By 1930, when his story appeared in Tales of Virtuous Deeds in Taiwan, Hirai had settled in his wife’s rural Changhua hometown, farming the land and integrating into local society. Similarly, Aiko Fujii, who married into the prominent Wufeng Lin Family (霧峰林家) in 1927, quickly learned Hoklo (commonly known as Taiwanese) and
The Venice Film Festival kicked off with the world premiere of Paolo Sorrentino’s La Grazia Wednesday night on the Lido. The opening ceremony of the festival also saw Francis Ford Coppola presenting filmmaker Werner Herzog with a lifetime achievement prize. The 82nd edition of the glamorous international film festival is playing host to many Hollywood stars, including George Clooney, Julia Roberts and Dwayne Johnson, and famed auteurs, from Guillermo del Toro to Kathryn Bigelow, who all have films debuting over the next 10 days. The conflict in Gaza has also already been an everpresent topic both outside the festival’s walls, where
The low voter turnout for the referendum on Aug. 23 shows that many Taiwanese are apathetic about nuclear energy, but there are long-term energy stakes involved that the public needs to grasp Taiwan faces an energy trilemma: soaring AI-driven demand, pressure to cut carbon and reliance on fragile fuel imports. But the nuclear referendum on Aug. 23 showed how little this registered with voters, many of whom neither see the long game nor grasp the stakes. Volunteer referendum worker Vivian Chen (陳薇安) put it bluntly: “I’ve seen many people asking what they’re voting for when they arrive to vote. They cast their vote without even doing any research.” Imagine Taiwanese voters invited to a poker table. The bet looked simple — yes or no — yet most never showed. More than two-thirds of those
RSS