Fri, Feb 21, 2003 page19

• Tech Reviews

  • By David Momphard / STAFF REPORTER
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  Lunar New Year has passed and you're flush with cash from red envelopes and a company bonus. Now's the perfect time to turn your living room -- or bedroom -- into a film studio. And if you own a PC, the best way to do that is to buy a digital video camera.

  DV cameras hit the market nearly a decade ago and now account for nearly half of all camcorder sales, according the Consumer Electronics Association. That's because the technology that supports DV cameras has come of age. Firewire and faster computer processing speeds have made working with digital footage much easier than when the cameras were first introduced, and DVD burners and broadband Internet connection make distributing your homemade films less cumbersome. Best of all, in the 10 years since they were introduced, DV cameras have become almost affordable.

  

  Digital video format is a sequence of frames compressed to a data rate of 25MB per second, using a technology called Motion JPEG. Rather than storing a video frame on tape in analog format, as a Hi8 or VHS camera would, DV cameras convert the image to a bunch of ones and zeros, then compress it into the JPEG format. This format greatly reduces the generation loss associated with storing an image on tape, which means that digital video maintains better quality when it's copied. In addition, DV has more than twice the resolution of analog cameras -- 500 lines of resolution compared to VHS's 240. You'll be appalled at how real you look.

  Knowing any of that is of little use when you're shopping for a camera, though, unless you understand the secret language of camcorder acronyms. This article will try to demystify this arcane language by looking at a few of the most popular models.

  Besides price, perhaps the most important thing to look for initially is the number of charge-coupled devices (CCDs) the camera has since that information relates directly to image quality. CCDs convert the brightness and color information that comes through the camera lens into a digital format, much the way the retinas of your eyes convert the world into something your brain can see. Generally speaking, the larger the CCD and the more of them the camera has, the better the image quality. Consumer-quality DV cameras usually employ one to three CCDs that range in size from 1/6 inch to 1/3 inch and resolutions usually fall between 300,000 pixels and 1 megapixel per CCD. When you compare cameras, look at effective resolutions instead of gross sensor resolutions.

  The cameras

  Samsung's SC-D80 (US$400) has a single, 1/3-inch CCD and will make adequate movies of baby's first birthday. Hobbyist, semi-professionals or people with money to burn will likely want something more akin to Canon's XL1S (US$3,500), or Sony's DCR-VX2000 (US$2,200), both of which have three, 1/3-inch CCDs and will make you look like George Lucas with your first filmed effort. (All the recent Star Wars installations were shot on DV) For a balance of quality and affordability, consider Sony's DCR-TRV950 (US$1,800) or Canon's GL2 (US$1,900), both of which boast three, 1/4-inch CCDs but lack some professional features, such as compatibility with high-quality audio equipment and interchangeable lenses.

  Next, differentiate between optical zoom and digital zoom, with the former being preferable. As you might guess, optical zoom uses the camera's lenses to magnify an image whereas digital zoom magnifies through a process called interpolation, which adds pixels to what the CCD has collected. Digital zoom essentially makes an educated guess about what information additional pixels would have contained if more had been collected. If your hobby is travelling the world's museums making videos of pointillist paintings, don't buy a digital zoom camera. As a rule of thumb, less expensive cameras have digital zoom and more expensive ones have optical.

  You'll also want to check the camera's lux rating, which determines its ability to shoot in low-light. In this case, bigger is not better -- the higher the lux rating, the lower the camera's ability to shoot in the dark. Sony's DCR-TRV950 with the three CCDs has surprisingly poor light sensitivity, with a lux rating of seven. The more expensive DCR-VX2000 is better, with a lux rating of four.

  Light sensitivity can also be determined in part by looking at the lens' aperture. A maximum aperture of f1.4 or f1.6 is best for low-light conditions.

  Given what you intend to do with your movies, you'll want to concern yourself with how the camera stores the video it retrieves. The most common types of devices for consumer camcorders are MiniDV and Digital8. MiniDV stores on a cassette tape that's about the half the size of a deck of cards. Digital8 stores onto DV-formatted Hi8 tapes and has the added benefit of being able to read analog tapes.

  Downloading

  Most every camera is shipped with cables that will allow you to hook it up to a television, if that's the only plan you have for watching your movies. If, however, you plan to download your film onto your computer for editing purposes, make sure you get a camera with Firewire.

  Macintosh users are long familiar with the blazing speed at which you can transfer files with Firewire and now most video-oriented PCs ship with it as well. Many of Sony's cameras, including its new DCR-TRV50 (US$1,000) use Bluetooth technology to get the video onto your computer. Whichever camera you purchase, make sure it's compatible with your computer, or you'll be climbing through a lot of pop-up windows instead of getting your video onto your machine.

  If you plan to edit your movies on your computer, it would be wise to avoid buying a camera loaded with special-effects features. Editing software can do all these functions more easily than tinkering with dozens of tiny buttons hidden behind a camera panel -- and it's a good way to keep the price of your camera down.

  One last word about camera prices: They vary wildly from place to place -- both within Taiwan and between countries -- and buying over the Internet is no guarantee of getting a good price.
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