After US President Donald Trump re-entered the political stage, many international students — especially those holding F-1 visas — are once again facing the familiar anxiety of uncertain immigration policy.
As an immigration attorney, and once an F-1 student myself, I understand that fear deeply. I came to the US from Taiwan for graduate school, went through optional practical training (OPT), submitted thousands of resumes and anxiously waited for a sponsor willing to file my H-1B. That experience shaped my empathy and approach to helping others.
The US Department of State’s 2024 Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange said that Taiwanese enrollment in US universities rose from 21,834 to 23,157 students in the 2023-2024 academic year. While the numbers reflected Taiwan’s continued faith in US education, behind them lie administrative hurdles, political uncertainties and immense personal stress that are rarely discussed.
During Trump’s first term, F-1 students faced intensified scrutiny at US borders. Some were asked to unlock their phones, held for extended questioning or even denied entry. I frequently heard concerns such as “I am just here to study — why am I being treated like a threat?”
OPT and science, technology, engineering and mathematics OPT also came under political fire. Proposals during the Trump years sought to limit eligibility or eliminate key benefits. The efforts created fear among students who relied on the programs for post-graduate work. Even now, I am asked: “If my F-1 visa expires, can I return to Taiwan to renew it?” The answer is: It depends. Each case must be carefully assessed based on personal risk and the American Institute in Taiwan review climate.
Another emerging concern is the scrutiny of social media. Since 2019, US visa forms require disclosure of all social media handles used in the past five years. While private cloud albums such as Google Photos are not reviewed, public posts — even on personal accounts — could trigger concern. Setting profiles to private or deleting content might lead to suspicion. One student’s visa was delayed after their social media activity raised questions during the interview.
I have also been asked by some engineers from Hsinchu: “Can I apply for a National Interest Waiver [NIW] while outside the US?” The answer is yes — if you could show that your work significantly benefits the US.
Over the past few years, I have helped Taiwanese engineers, pilots, researchers and physicians secure green cards under the NIW without relocating.
The key is preparation. Immigration policies might change, but the importance of early planning does not. Understanding your potential paths — OPT, H-1B, NIW — could provide security. Waiting until the last minute often leads to missed opportunities and added stress.
If Trump’s return brings new restrictions, we must be ready. For international students, the takeaway is clear: The more you know and the earlier you prepare, the better you can steer your future.
Danny Chen is a US visa and immigration attorney, and founder of the Green Maple Law Group.
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