It was recently reported that Janette Tough — best known for her 1980s role as Wee Jimmy Krankie — has “yellowed up” to play a male Japanese fashion designer in Jennifer Saunders’ upcoming Absolutely Fabulous film. This led to the “yellowface” debate rearing its ugly head in the media again.
I have found myself having to explain, once more, to fellow journalists and friends, why an actor painting their face yellow in order to portray an East Asian character is offensive.
A persistent lack of representation in the media means that racism against East Asian and Southeast Asian people is not taken as seriously as other forms of discrimination. The problem is not just a lack of visibility, but our under-representation among those in positions of power. There is a dearth of commentators to speak up on behalf of Asian people, and a lack of commissioners, producers, scriptwriters and casting directors able to handle the problem sensitively — either by being Asian themselves or being aware of the issues.
Illustration: Yusha
For the record, yellowing up is offensive. It plays into years of unequal power dynamics in spaces such as acting, where the dominant ethnicity has historically enforced rules that keep minority ethnic groups excluded and anything that maintains this inequality is wrong.
Yellowing up is the same as blacking up: It maintains the assumption that only white people are allowed to play parts written for minority actors. And it perpetuates the idea that minorities should be silent, fetishized and spoken about only by the dominant ethnicity: The idea that we do not, and perhaps should never, have a voice of our own.
Bastardizing a feature of any ethnic group is racist. Painting a face in yellow makeup to denote an East or Southeast Asian person is dehumanizing. It is offensive to characterize an entire ethnic group, or to lump groups together, using a physical stereotype.
Earlier this year, actor Gemma Chan said that some of the statistics regarding east Asian actors made her think: “You are more likely to see an alien in a Hollywood film than an Asian woman.”
If society is not accurately represented on screen then we are left with a distorted picture of the world.
When I was growing up, I cannot remember seeing a single positive character played by an East or Southeast Asian person. At one end of the negative spectrum was white actor Mickey Rooney’s disgracefully racist character IY Yunioshi in Breakfast at Tiffany’s, which underlined all the obvious problems of yellowface. However, then there were also the more subtle stereotypes, such as sexually promiscuous and subversive female Asian characters, or ruthlessly intelligent, but evil, male Asian characters.
In my own fleeting attempt to work as an actor, I was told by an agent that I would have to learn all the East Asian and Southeast Asian accents as, given a lack of available Western parts, this would enable me to secure the most roles.
The situation is now, relatively, a little better, with spokespeople such as the comedian Margaret Cho and organizations such as British East Asian Artists, but the lack of East Asian and Southeast Asian people on screen is brought into sharp focus each year with the arrival of Christmas advertisements. Over the past nine years, John Lewis’ Christmas ads have featured an East Asian or Southeast Asian person only once and for less than two seconds — as an extra, out of focus, riding a bus. Last year, I watched John Lewis’ lonely penguin ad being filmed in the park 30m from my home in Tower Hamlets, an area of over two-thirds ethnic minorities, and it failed to include a single East or Southeast Asian person.
EastEnders, which is set in east London, an area with a large East Asian community, is one of the UK’s highest-rated TV shows, yet has never featured an East or Southeast Asian character apart from a female DVD seller, in a role that lasted six months. Hardly anyone, it seems, ever complains about these omissions.
The way the yellowface debate has been discussed in the media in the last few weeks has, at times, felt almost as offensive as the act of yellowing up itself. It has raised three important issues.
First, it is not necessarily your fault if you are not aware of how outraged some people are by yellowface. The problem is that we hear only from the people who cannot see the offense: non-Asian people. And these are the people who set the agenda for what is offensive. Other voices are forced to the margins.
Second, too much emphasis is placed on social media as a measure of public opinion. An exclusive club has formed on Twitter based on blue ticks and large follower numbers. And those with the power to set the agenda are more likely to listen to the people with the loudest social media voices. It is important for East and Southeast Asian people, including me, to speak up about this issue.
Third, there are some inequalities that need to be addressed with urgency. The history of East and Southeast Asians is unique, and in some ways we are seen as having it easy in comparison to other minority groups. For this reason, we tend to shy away from fights over equality and representation.
Many of us, lacking role models and encouragement through diversity schemes, would never have considered a career in the media. However, the discrimination we experience is real and it is a problem. We must not feel as though our fight is not as crucial as those of other people — and we should not be afraid to speak up.
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