The European trade commissioner set a deadline on Wednesday for talks over textile imports with Chinese officials before beginning a formal trade dispute against China over a surge in imports of its T-shirts and linen cloth.
The European Commission said the Chinese had until Tuesday to resolve the dispute.
"We made it clear to the Chinese that time is pressing," Claude Veron-Reville, a spokeswoman for the commission, said.
Failure to resolve the dispute would most likely lead to the reintroduction of import quotas on the two products in the first half of next month and might hamper efforts to avert a similar confrontation over other textile imports from China.
The move comes amid a debate over a referendum in France on Sunday on the European constitution, which has highlighted the proposed constitution's position on free trade.
Imports of Chinese textiles have been prominent in the debate over the constitution. Opponents argue that the sharp rise in Chinese textile imports is a symbol of the perils of globalization, a process they claim is championed by the EU.
The decision by Peter Mandelson, the European trade commissioner, was seen as an attempt to persuade French voters to vote in favor of the constitution.
"It's a desperate act, but what alternative did he have?" asked Romano Subiotto, a trade lawyer in the Brussels office of the law firm Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton.
Mandelson proposed urgent measures to quell the surge in T-shirts and linen imports from China last week amid signs that some European textile companies were being run out of business.
In the first quarter of this year, T-shirt imports from China into the EU have risen by 187 percent, compared with the first quarter of last year, the commission said. Chinese imports of linen have risen 56 percent during the same period.
Opening formal consultations will probably lead to the reimposition of quotas on Chinese T-shirts and linen, Subiotto said.
Under WTO rules, China's trading partners may impose quotas on Chinese textiles 15 days after starting the formal dispute if China fails to take action during that time itself.
"It's highly unlikely the two sides will find a way of averting new quotas during this period. They had a long time to discuss it informally already with no success," Subiotto said.
He added that there was a danger that the dispute could escalate.
The EU is investigating the importation of seven other categories of Chinese textiles, including pullovers and bras.
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