Burmese security forces killed hundreds of men, women and children during a systematic campaign to expel Rohingya Muslims, Amnesty International said in a new report yesterday that calls for an arms embargo on the country and criminal prosecution of the perpetrators.
More than 580,000 refugees have arrived in Bangladesh since Aug. 25, when Burmese security forces began a scorched-earth campaign against Rohingya villages.
The Burmese government has said it was responding to attacks by Muslim insurgents, but the UN and others have said the response was disproportionate.
The continuing exodus of Rohingya Muslims has become a major humanitarian crisis and sparked international condemnation of Buddhist-majority Myanmar, which still denies atrocities are taking place.
Based on interviews with more than 120 fleeing Rohingya, Amnesty International said at least hundreds of people were killed by security forces who surrounded villages, shot fleeing inhabitants and then set buildings alight, burning to death elderly, sick and disabled people who were unable to flee.
In some villages, women and girls were raped or subjected to other sexual violence, according to the report.
The witnesses repeatedly described an insignia on their attackers’ uniforms that matched one worn by troops from Myanmar’s Western Command, Amnesty International said.
When shown various insignia used by the Burmese army, witnesses consistently picked out the Western Command patch, it said.
The 33rd Light Infantry Division and border police, who wear a distinctive blue camouflage uniform, were also involved in attacks on villages, along with Buddhist vigilante mobs, witnesses said.
Matthew Wells, an Amnesty crisis researcher who spent several weeks at the Bangladesh-Myanmar border, said the rights group plans to issue another report in the coming months examining individual criminal responsibility, including specific commanders and others that might be involved in abuses.
He said hundreds of Rohingya have been treated for gunshot wounds and doctors say that the injuries are consistent with people being shot from behind as they fled.
There were credible indications that a total of several hundred people had been killed in just five villages that were the focus of Amnesty’s reporting.
Given that dozens of villages across northern Rakhine State have been targeted in a similar fashion, the death toll could be much higher, Wells said.
He said satellite imagery, corroborated by witness accounts, show that Rohingya homes and mosques have been burned entirely in villages, while non-Rohingya areas just 100 or 200 meters away were untouched.
“It speaks to how organized, how seemingly well-planned this scorched-earth campaign has been by the Myanmar military and how determined the effort has been to drive the Rohingya population out of the country,” Wells said.
Among almost two dozen recommendations, the human rights group called for the UN Security Council to impose a comprehensive arms embargo on Myanmar and financial sanctions against senior officials responsible for violations that Amnesty said meet the criteria for crimes against humanity.
It said the council should explore options for bringing the perpetrators to justice under international law if Burmese authorities do not act swiftly.
“It is time for the international community to move beyond public outcry and take action to end the campaign of violence that has driven more than half the Rohingya population out of Myanmar,” Amnesty said.
Witnesses and a drone video shot on Monday by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees show that Rohingya are continuing to flee persecution in Myanmar and crossing into Bangladesh.
The video showed thousands upon thousands of Rohingya trudging along a narrow strip of land alongside what appears to a rain-swollen creek in the Palong Khali area in southern Bangladesh. The line of refugees stretches for a few kilometers.
The new wave of refugees started crossing the border over the weekend, witnesses said.
An Associated Press photographer on Tuesday saw thousands of newcomers near one border crossing.
Several said that they were stopped by Bangladeshi border guards and spent the night in muddy rice fields.
Nearly 60 percent of the refugees are children.
UNICEF on Tuesday said that without immediate additional funding, it will not be able to continue providing life-saving aid and protection to Rohingya children.
UNICEF said it has received just 7 percent of the US$76 million it needs.
On Aug. 25, a Rohingya insurgent group known as the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army attacked at least 30 security posts, causing dozens of casualties, according to Burmese authorities.
The brutal attacks against Rohingya that followed have been described by the UN as “textbook ethnic cleansing.”
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