The Swedish startup that revolutionized digital music has a blanket response to claims that it pays artists a mere pittance: “2 billion dollars.”
Since US pop empress Taylor Swift pulled her catalog from the service, Spotify has regularly trumpeted its self-reported payout (1.8 billion euros) to the music industry over the past seven years.
The money has turned music executives from skeptics into believers in a model — based on free music access coupled with paid subscriptions for an ad-free service — that record labels rebuffed when Spotify started pitching it to them in 2007.
“We explained we wanted to give the music away for free and they thought we were crazy,” said Jonathan Forster, now Spotify’s vice president for Europe, before returning to the much-touted figure. “Two billion dollars later, hopefully they’re feeling a bit more positive about that than they were then.”
Since the still-unlisted startup hired him eight years ago, it has gone from a handful of employees to 1,500 and from a modest office flat in Stockholm to a five-story tech temple.
Spotify has reached 15 million paying users — who are typically charged US$10 for monthly ad-free access to more than 30 million songs — and another 45 million who listen to the free, ad-supported service.
Meanwhile, some of the world’s biggest music stars have derided their share of the earnings.
Aside from Swift, soul singer Aloe Blacc, AC/DC and Thom Yorke of Radiohead — who said Spotify represented a “last gasp of the old industry” — have all hit out at the company.
Artist push-back clearly strikes a nerve at Spotify’s headquarters.
“How much did piracy pay artists?” Forster said, recalling a habit of illegal downloads and file-sharing that has plateaued in Sweden since 2008, according to the Swedish Internet Infrastructure Foundation.
Forster stressed Spotify’s plans for expansion and brought the billions back up.
“If we’re going to think about what this means for artists in a bigger way, we should at least think about multiplying that number by 10,” he said. “And 20 billion dollars to the music industry would be a very sizeable amount to artists.”
Cornered by protesting music stars, Spotify revealed in December last year that the service on average pays the music industry less than US$0.01 per stream.
Details on how much of that ends up in artists’ pockets are murkier, given the nature of major-label record deals, according to music industry analyst Mark Mulligan.
“The confidentiality clauses that Spotify signs with labels prevents them from being able to communicate how much value is delivered back to artists,” he said.
According to a study by French music industry trade group SNEP and accounting firm Ernst & Young, the recording labels pocket 46 percent of streaming companies’ subscription revenues, while artists, publishers and songwriters share 17 percent, with the rest going to streaming providers and taxes.
Such estimates imply a status quo for a corporate music industry that Spotify never sought to upend.
“You always need the labels and the master rights. It’s absolutely critical that we work with them,” Forster said.
While his company holds the streaming crown at the moment, Apple is widely expected to start vying for it following the US giant’s US$3.2 billion acquisition of streaming service Beats Music last year.
In response, Spotify, which has yet to turn an overall annual profit, plans on going for broke.
After all, it has disposed of giants in the past.
“When we were trying to get our first set of licenses, we were more or less told not to bother, because Nokia and Myspace jumped ahead of us in the queue,” Forster said. “Big companies don’t necessarily get everything right.”
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