Russian farm owner Ilshat Gumerov stands in the middle of his fields under the mercilessly hot sun with a look of despair on his face.
His 700 hectares in the central Volga region of Tatarstan has not been touched by a drop of rain in weeks amid one of the severest heat waves of the century in Russia. He already fears he has lost two-thirds of his harvest.
“It is a catastrophe,” he said, ruefully fingering the dried-up ears of wheat. “This year, I am going to make no profit. It will only be enough to buy fodder.”
PHOTO: AFP
No rain has fallen since April in this largely Muslim region 800km east of Moscow while temperatures over the last weeks have jumped over 30°C. And this after a bitter winter whose thaw destroyed winter crops.
The drought is not just bad news for Gumerov and thousands of other farmers across Russia but also for grain consumers worldwide and the country’s ambitions to become a leading global grain exporter.
Twenty-three of Russia’s 83 regions, mainly situated in the European part of the country, have declared a state of emergency over the drought.
According to the Russian Ministry of Agriculture, 10 million hectares of land have been destroyed by the heat wave, equivalent to about 20 percent of all of Russia’s arable land.
“The drought is extremely unusual because we have never seen such temperatures and such a lack of rain in the European part of Russia,” leading Russian agriculture expert Dmitry Rylko said.
Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin this week told First Deputy Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov to take the situation under “firmer” control.
“The situation is not getting better, it is getting worse,” Putin said bluntly.
According to Rylko, director of the Institute for Agricultural Market Studies, the problems have not been evenly spread across Russia, with the Volga region, including Tatarstan, the Urals and the southwest, suffering the worst.
By contrast, the harvest in Siberia and the south of Russia has been relatively strong, he said.
Tatarstan is one of Russia’s leading agriculture regions, with one-third of its land covered by the famous chernozem, the black earth known for its richness in humus formed by the decomposition of plant matter.
However, its earth and the large water resources in the Volga region have not been enough to temper the effects of one of the severest droughts in Russia in living memory.
The drought comes at the worst possible time for Russia, which has launched a drive to increase its share of the global grain market with the aim of more than doubling its grain exports to 40 tonnes to 50 million tonnes a year.
However, Rylko said it was likely that Russia is going to harvest only 80 million tonnes of grain this year, compared with 97 million last year.
Russian agriculture minister Elena Skrynnik said that the forecast for exports this year was set to be less than 20 million tonnes, down even on last year’s figure of 21 million tonnes.
Rylko said he hoped that the Russian agriculture market would be able to recover in the next two years. A full recovery in one year would be hard, as “after bad harvests you never have good harvests,” he said.
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