Developed nations have pledged more than US$4 billion to finance a program meant to help poor countries protect their forests and slow global warming.
An agency monitoring the aid will be up and running before UN climate talks start in Cancun, Mexico, later this year, the EU’s climate commissioner said at a conference on deforestation in Oslo on Thursday.
Also, Indonesia agreed to a two-year moratorium on issuing new permits for forest destruction as part of a US$1 billion deal with Norway that would pay Indonesia a fixed sum per tonne of carbon emissions reduced through rain forest preservation. Norway has had a similar deal with Brazil since the mid-1990s.
Deforestation, the burning of woodlands or the rotting of felled trees, is thought to account for up to 20 percent of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere — as much as is emitted by all the world’s cars, trucks, trains, planes and ships combined.
The new program — called REDD Plus, for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation — will encourage rich nations to voluntarily finance forest-protecting projects while coordinating that aid to avoid waste and ensure transparency.
It was approved — but not implemented — at the UN climate talks in Copenhagen, Denmark, in December.
In Oslo, Germany, France, Norway, the US, Britain, Australia and Japan pledged US$4 billion to finance REDD Plus through 2012, with Denmark and Sweden adding US$73 million more to the effort on Thursday.
The new monitoring agency would oversee individual agreements between countries to fight deforestation and educate local populations who live off forests — estimated at more than 1 billion worldwide — to do so in a sustainable way.
EU climate commissioner Connie Hedegaard said that the new agency, and a comprehensive database that will help streamline aid combating deforestation, were tangible results that would build momentum in climate talks ahead of the Cancun summit.
Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said the new agency would “decrease a trust deficit” that has stymied progress in wider climate talks, as wealthy countries express concern about how aid money is used in poor nations.
“Forests are worth more dead than alive. Today we commit to change that equation,” said Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg, who was co-chairing the conference with the Indonesia president.
A political agreement at the UN climate summit in Copenhagen last year called for warming to be kept from rising more than 2°C above pre-industrial levels by 2020 — which scientists say could trigger a climate catastrophe. But the Copenhagen conference disappointed many in failing to produce a legally binding deal for countries to limit emissions.
Thursday’s meeting was the last on REDD Plus planned before Cancun, with work now starting on establishing the agency’s infrastructure.
Britain’s Prince Charles agreed that transparency was key in brokering a binding global climate agreement.
“In this period of increased stringency, governments will need to know that every dollar made available will be spent wisely in order to avoid any unnecessary duplication,” he said in a speech.
While the US$4 billion is only two-thirds of the US$6 billion Brazilian Environment Minister Carlos Minc said he hoped would be in place by the Oslo conference, environmentalists said it was a good start for the fledgling program.
“For early phases, the kind of money we’re talking about is probably sufficient,” said Mark Tercek, the head of US conservation group the Nature Conservancy.
Greenpeace welcomed the pledges of financing but warned that it remains unclear how the funds will be spent.
The funding so far comes exclusively from government budgets, and Stoltenberg called for “voluntary contributions” from private sector and industry players. He also said that ultimately “the most important source of money will be carbon pricing” — from carbon trading and carbon taxation schemes.
About 13 million hectares of forests are cut down each year — an area about the size of England or New York state — and the emissions generated are comparable to those of China and the US, according to the independent UK Eliasch Review on forest loss.
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