As they scrambled recently to trace the source of a salmonella outbreak that has sickened hundreds around the US, investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) successfully used a new tool for the first time — the shopper cards that millions of Americans swipe every time they buy groceries.
With permission from the patients, investigators followed the trail of grocery purchases to a Rhode Island company that makes salami, then zeroed in on the pepper used to season the meat. Never before had the CDC successfully mined the mountain of data that supermarket chains compile.
“It was really exciting. It was a break in the investigation for sure,” CDC epidemiologist Casey Barton Behravesh said.
At least 245 people in 44 states have been sickened in the outbreak. That includes 30 in California, 19 in Illinois, 18 in New York and 17 in Washington state.
The victims included Raymond Cirimele, a 55-year-old Chicago man. He said no one asked for his shopper-card data, but he would have provided it if someone had.
“I don’t have any secrets, so I’m not worried about it,” he said. “It’s kind of like the whole airport security and all that. I’d rather fly on a safe plane.”
Shopper cards have been around for more than a decade, offering customers discounts in exchange for letting supermarkets track their buying habits. The cards are used to build customer loyalty and help stores market their products.
The first case in this salmonella outbreak was reported last summer and by November, CDC investigators were examining a multistate cluster of cases.
Through interviews and questionnaires, investigators suspected some kind of Italian meat was the culprit, but people couldn’t remember what brand they bought, Behravesh said.
So the CDC asked supermarkets for certain buying information on seven victims in Washington state, focusing on suspect products rather than everything the customers had bought, Behravesh said.
“We didn’t care about the brand of toilet paper people were buying,” she said.
Of those seven people, five had bought Italian meats made by the Rhode Island company Daniele International, Behravesh said.
Further investigation — including the use of data from other victims’ shopper cards — pointed to salami made by Daniele and, more specifically, the imported pepper it was coated in. That came from two spice suppliers in New York and New Jersey. All three companies have since recalled some products.
The CDC would not say how many patients gave access to their accounts or were asked to do so, but Behravesh said most agreed.
“Most of the time when a person gets really sick with a food-borne pathogen, they’re very happy to talk with us and try to help out with the investigation,” she said.
Some privacy advocates, though, are troubled.
Longtime shopper-card critic Katherine Albrecht, director of a group called Consumers Against Supermarket Privacy Invasion and Numbering, said she worries that the practice could lead to a switch from a voluntary system to mandatory use of such cards.
“That sends chills down my spine,” she said.
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