Bent over his desk, an Iranian illuminator puts the last touches on a gilded garden of the minuscule intertwined paisleys that have decorated the Koran for hundreds of years.
One of the oldest Iranian art forms, illumination (tazhib) has survived since the pre-Islamic era but now risks extinction if it fails to attract patrons, who prefer modern art to traditional work.
Tazhib is non-figurative illumination whose geometric flourishes, decorations and intricate calligraphy have traditionally adorned the margins of holy books and epic poems, as well as being an art form in its own right.
PHOTO: AFP
"The perfection and harmony of this art speaks for itself," said illuminator Fereidoon Joghan, who has spent the past quarter of a century mastering this most rarefied of arts.
"I would like to create something beautiful rather than screaming a message," said the artist, who has won numerous national awards in Islamic decorative arts.
Joghan tries to work using traditional methods, including brushes made from cat's fur, and remaining as faithful as possible to the motifs and techniques created by masters hundreds of years ago.
Ridiculed by peers in Tehran's prestigious school of fine arts for his passion, Joghan said he had to abandon illumination temporarily at college, where he experimented with modern painting.
"The harmony and the intense concentration calm me to an extent that I forget all my problems," he said.
The art dates back to the Sassanid era in pre-Islamic Iran but flourished after the 7th century advent of Islam, which banned human depictions.
Faced with such limitations, Iranian artists poured their creative talent into beautifying the holy script, carpets and mosques.
"After Islam, the Koran was the only outlet of artistic work and it was the sanctity and importance of the book that has kept illumination alive through the ups and down of history," fellow tazhib artist Mehdi Moghiseh said.
The best works of illumination were created in the 15th century under the Timurid dynasty, when Iran's rulers of Mongol origin were great patrons of Persian art and literature.
This heyday of tazhib was sponsored by rulers who commissioned artists to enhance calligraphy in Koran and complement miniatures in the Shahnameh (Book of Kings), a 10th-century poetic chronicle of Iran's myths and ancient history.
Both artists are pessimistic about the future of tazhib, however, as it is almost impossible to market the work in the modern world.
Joghan spends eight hours a day working for four months on a piece no larger than a medium-sized book which is worth 100 million rials (US$11,000). He has not sold a work in years.
The related, figurative, art of miniature painting stands a better chance of survival, experts say, although at a recent exhibition not a single piece could convince visitors to part with their money.
"If the masters cannot make a living out of their work it will fade away. They have to be protected like an endangered species. This is our heritage, our identity," Moghiseh said.
He believes people's lack of interest partly stems from the absence of traditional art forms in modern surroundings.
Moreover, Iran's younger generation also favors art forms which yield immediate results and allow a more liberated expression.
Visiting Tehran's Reza Abbasi museum, which preserves masterpieces of Iranian miniature, ceramic, calligraphy and illumination, Kamran Hamzeloo is unimpressed by the artistic achievements of his ancestors.
"The works are lovable and subtle, but I think if the Iranian artist of the time had more freedom he would have looked at the world differently," he said.
There are still a few young enthusiasts yearning to fill the shoes of the masters, despite the insecurity and uncertainty they know will come with the job.
"I saw Mr Joghan's works in an exhibition. It touched me in a way that I could not sleep a wink until morning," 28-year-old chemist Maryam Labani said.
"I pestered him on the phone for two weeks to take me on as a student," said Labani, looking through a magnifying glass to put a drop of pink on an octagonal illumination -- work which could be ruined by the slightest false move.
Four people jailed in the landmark Hong Kong national security trial of "47 democrats" accused of conspiracy to commit subversion were freed today after more than four years behind bars, the second group to be released in a month. Among those freed was long-time political and LGBTQ activist Jimmy Sham (岑子杰), who also led one of Hong Kong’s largest pro-democracy groups, the Civil Human Rights Front, which disbanded in 2021. "Let me spend some time with my family," Sham said after arriving at his home in the Kowloon district of Jordan. "I don’t know how to plan ahead because, to me, it feels
The collapse of the Swiss Birch glacier serves as a chilling warning of the escalating dangers faced by communities worldwide living under the shadow of fragile ice, particularly in Asia, experts said. Footage of the collapse on Wednesday showed a huge cloud of ice and rubble hurtling down the mountainside into the hamlet of Blatten. Swiss Development Cooperation disaster risk reduction adviser Ali Neumann said that while the role of climate change in the case of Blatten “still needs to be investigated,” the wider impacts were clear on the cryosphere — the part of the world covered by frozen water. “Climate change and
Poland is set to hold a presidential runoff election today between two candidates offering starkly different visions for the country’s future. The winner would succeed Polish President Andrzej Duda, a conservative who is finishing his second and final term. The outcome would determine whether Poland embraces a nationalist populist trajectory or pivots more fully toward liberal, pro-European policies. An exit poll by Ipsos would be released when polls close today at 9pm local time, with a margin of error of plus or minus 2 percentage points. Final results are expected tomorrow. Whoever wins can be expected to either help or hinder the
DENIAL: Musk said that the ‘New York Times was lying their ass off,’ after it reported he used so much drugs that he developed bladder problems Elon Musk on Saturday denied a report that he used ketamine and other drugs extensively last year on the US presidential campaign trail. The New York Times on Friday reported that the billionaire adviser to US President Donald Trump used so much ketamine, a powerful anesthetic, that he developed bladder problems. The newspaper said the world’s richest person also took ecstasy and mushrooms, and traveled with a pill box last year, adding that it was not known whether Musk also took drugs while heading the so-called US Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) after Trump took power in January. In a
RSS