By day, she amputated limbs and comforted the wounded. By night, she sought to heal herself, filling tiny notebooks with thoughts on suffering and love, the petty politics undermining the Communist Party and her hatred of US "pirates who drink the people's blood but don't smell the stench."
Thirty-five years after a US intelligence officer saved them from being burned, the poignant diaries of a North Vietnamese surgeon named Dang Thuy Tram have reconciled once bitter enemies.
Their publication has also become a sensation in Vietnam, opening the floodgates of memories in a nation long disciplined to take a sanitized, glorified view of the conflict.
Last month, in Quang Ngai Province where Tram perished in 1970 at age 27 after refusing to surrender to US troops during a skirmish, officials broke ground for a medical clinic, visitors' center and statue in her honor. Tomorrow she will be awarded a posthumous Hero of the People's Army medal.
For Frederick Whitehurst, the former officer who retrieved the diaries from Tram's gutted field hospital in what was then South Vietnam -- and decided at his translator's urging not to burn them -- she is more than a war hero.
"People will read her words as they read the words of Anne Frank," he wrote in an e-mail from his home in Bethel, North Carolina.
The diaries were written in tiny notebooks hand-crafted from medical supply packaging, and languished for more than three decades in Whitehurst's file cabinet after attempts to find Tram's family failed. But last year, Whitehurst, aided by his brother Robert, also a Vietnam veteran, donated them to the Vietnam Archives at Texas Tech University in Lubbock.
Within weeks, experts tracked down the family.
Tram's 81-year-old mother initially refused to believe the diaries were authentic.
"I was skeptical until I saw them with my own eyes, held them in my hands," said Doan Ngoc Tram, who traveled to Texas last October to see them.
"Reading the diaries was so painful, I couldn't finish them," she said in an interview at her Hanoi home. "It was a terrible shock to learn that her life was so full of pain, hardship and danger. Her letters from the front never spoke of that."
"The Whitehursts gave me my daughter back," she said, speaking French, the language of Vietnam's colonial rulers in her youth.
Written with surgical precision in black ink, the diaries are considered the most compelling, uncensored Vietnamese-language account of a conflict that killed up to 3 million Vietnamese as well as 58,000 Americans.
Until now, most Vietnamese first-person narratives were prettified, even invented. A mere mention of suffering was taboo. Now, in a country which averages about 2,000 book copies per printing, the Tram diaries have sold a record 400,000 copies.
They have made Tram and the Whitehursts household names, inspiring countless Vietnamese to come forward with memoirs, letters and documents. The Whitehurst brothers have made several visits to Vietnam, their appearances on national television and radio bringing some closure to the deeply scarred war generation.
They published Finding Thuy -- the title comes from Tram's given name -- in Vietnamese and were thanked publicly by Prime Minister Phan Van Khai.
Tram grew up in Hanoi. Fresh out of medical school, where she trained under her surgeon father, Tram volunteered for service as a civilian doctor with the North Vietnamese military in 1968 and was posted to Quang Ngai, scene of heavy combat because of its proximity to the demilitarized zone.
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