Japan tries coming to grip with lost sons

In what has been described as an epidemic for Japan, as many as one in 10 Japanese youths is living as a modern-day hermit.

Often aided by their embarrassed families, up to 1 million young men may be hiding from the outside world -- perhaps never even leaving their bedrooms.

Called hikikomori (Japanese for "to withdraw from society"), their way is unique to Japan.

Experts in the field estimate that the hikikomori population at anything between 500,000 to 1 million, although according to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Labor the figure is only 50,000.

But this discrepancy is hardly surprising, given how unwilling hikikomori youths and their parents are to speak to outsiders.

To many, the condition is seen as a secret, shameful thing and their stigma is deeply felt.

Journalists in the past have had to speak to hikikomori through closed doors, with their families remaining anonymous and heads just seen in silhouette.

Dai Osaki, now 20, spent a year as a recluse.

His reason was/is a common one -- bullying at school -- which led to his not speaking to anyone for that year -- even his family -- while living in his bedroom, reading manga comics and playing video games.

For the first three months or so, his family pleaded with him to come out, but when that failed they dragged him out and in an effort to interest him in something -- anything -- they took him to a riding school.

Dai never looked back.

He developed a love of horses and riding that has never left him and three months later he returned to school and restored a normal relationship with his parents.

Today he is a full-time riding instructor and acclaimed show-jumper.

To meet Dai and hear him talk -- he has a smile that splits his face -- it is hard to imagine those dark days.

Apart from bullying, other reasons that have been put forward to explain the condition include academic pressure, too much time spent online or playing computer games leading to a poor communication skills, and the effect of most parenting being done by stay-at-home mothers while unavailable fathers work all hours.

Leading Japanese psychiatrist and hikikomiri specialist Dr Tamaki Saito talks about "the black hole of the spirit in Japan."

It's a view of a nation widely-regarded as being dominated by pork-barrel politics, the enslavement to the ideal of financial prosperity and the radical shift in cultural and political beliefs since the war whose young people have been questioning their parents and grandparents' work-ethic values.

But Phillida Purvis, director of Links Japan, which promotes exchange of social welfare ideas between Japan and the UK, said the problem may be that Japan's younger generation have never known hard times.

"Their parents lives were so destroyed by the war, they wanted their kids to have everything. In this way a lot of Japanese kids are quite spoiled," she said.

She also claims Japan's education system doesn't educate its young to "think outside the box," and that because most are brought up without religious teaching, no faith-based coping systems have been established either.

It's almost as if a sizeable proportion of Japan's young are acting as a mental health barometer for the nation's stagnating economy.

But she does see changes, with the devastating Kobe earthquake 10 years ago marking a turning point.