Pet owners have long been encouraged to think that they are happier, healthier and live longer than people without pets, but a new US study claims they might be barking up the wrong tree.
Howard Herzog, a professor of psychology at Western Carolina University, says studies conducted in the past to determine whether having a pet improves health and longevity have “produced a mishmash of conflicting results.”
“While pets are undoubtedly good for some people, there is presently insufficient evidence to support the contention that pet owners are healthier or happier or that they live longer” than people without pets, Herzog wrote in the August issue of Current Directions in Psychological Science.
Photo: AFP
照片：法新社
“While some researchers have reported that positive effects accrue from interacting with animals, others have found that the health and happiness of pet owners is no better, and in some cases worse, than that of non-pet owners.”
Herzog cites several studies purportedly showing the benefits of having a pet, including one from 1980 which showed that heart attack victims who had a pet were around four times more likely than petless victims to survive for a year after the crisis, but said more gloomy studies had been ignored.
“While the media abounds with stories extolling the health benefits of pets, studies in which pet ownership has been found to have no impact or even negative effects on human physical or mental health rarely make headlines,” he said.
He cited another study which found no difference in blood pressure between older pet-owners and the petless. In fact, the pet owners in that study exercised less than the non-owners and were more likely to be overweight.
Moreover, he said pets — which can be found in two-thirds of US households — bring with them a cornucopia of health problems that can be transmitted to humans such as giardia, salmonella poisoning, skin mites and worms.
(AFP)
寵物飼主長期被洗腦，自認應比沒養寵物者，更快樂、更健康，並且活得更久；但美國一項新研究指出，這些飼主可能只是自我感覺良好。
西卡羅萊納大學心理學教授霍華德‧賀佐格表示，過去針對養寵物是否能促進健康與延年益壽的研究，卻「產生混合的衝突性結果」。
賀佐格在八月號的《心理科學最新指南》中寫道：「無庸置疑，飼養寵物對一些人有益，但目前對於寵物飼主較無寵物者更健康、快樂或長壽的論述，則是佐證不足。」
他說：「當一些研究員指出，與動物互動產生正向影響，但其他研究員則發現飼主的健康與快樂程度，不見得比沒養寵物者好，有時甚至比沒寵物者更糟。」
賀佐格引用多項據稱養寵物有好處的研究，包含一項一九八零年的研究顯示，心臟病患者在發病後，有寵物者多存活一年的機率，比沒有寵物者大四倍；但他說，一些對於飼主較不利的研究，則被忽略。
他說：「媒體充斥讚揚養寵物對健康有益的報導，至於發現養寵物對身心無益，甚至會有負面影響的研究，則鮮少受媒體關注。」
他引用另一項研究，該研究發現養寵物與無寵物的年長者，血壓值並無差異。但事實上，在該研究中養寵物者的運動量比無寵物者的運動量少，並且前者也更可能體重過重。
此外，他說寵物─存在於美國三分之二的家庭─可能將大量人畜共通傳染病等健康問題，傳染給飼主，舉凡梨形鞭毛蟲、沙門氏桿菌中毒症、毛囊蠕型?與寄生蟲。
（法新社／翻譯：林亞蒂）
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對話 Dialogue 清清：這個週末你有空嗎？要不要一起去淨灘？ Qīngqīng: Zhège zhōumò nǐ yǒu kòng ma? Yào bú yào yìqǐ qù jìngtān? 華華：淨灘？你為什麼突然想參加這個活動？ Huáhua: Jìngtān? Nǐ wèishéme túrán xiǎng cānjiā zhège huódòng? 清清：因為我看到新聞說，海邊的垃圾越來越多，對海洋生物影響很大。 Qīngqīng: Yīnwèi wǒ kàndào xīnwén shuō, hǎibiān de lèsè yuèláiyuè duō, duì hǎiyáng shēngwù yǐngxiǎng hěn dà. 華華：聽起來很有意義，不過會不會很累啊？ Huáhua: Tīng qǐlái hěn yǒu yìyì, búguò huì bú huì hěn lèi a? 清清：可能會有一點累，可是如果大家一起做，就不會那麼辛苦。 Qīngqīng: Kěnéng huì yǒu yìdiǎn lèi, kěshì rúguǒ dàjiā yìqǐ zuò, jiù bú huì nàme xīnkǔ. 華華：也是，而且做完應該會很有成就感。 Huáhua: Yě shì, érqiě zuò wán yīnggāi huì hěn yǒu chéngjiù gǎn. 清清：對啊！不但可以運動，還可以保護環境。 Qīngqīng: Duì a! Búdàn kěyǐ yùndòng, hái kěyǐ bǎohù huánjìng. 華華：好，那我跟你一起去！算我一份。 Huáhua: Hǎo, nà wǒ gēn nǐ yìqǐ qù! Suàn wǒ yí fèn. 翻譯 Translation Qingqing:
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