Most people know that water is made of hydrogen and oxygen. The chemical symbol is H2O, which means that every water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bound to one oxygen atom. But did you know that it’s possible to separate water into oxygen and hydrogen? In fact the experiment is so simple that you can do it at home with everyday household equipment.
大部分的人都知道水是由氫和氧所組成，其化學符號是H2O，意思就是每個水分子是由兩個氫原子和一個氧原子結合而成。但你知道水可以分解為氫和氧嗎？事實上，這個實驗簡單到在家中利用家庭日常用品就可以進行。
What you will need: a nine volt battery, two pencils, a piece of cardboard, a glass of warm water, some salt and about 50cm of wire.
實驗所需：一個九伏特的電池、兩枝鉛筆、一張厚紙板、一杯溫開水、一些鹽和約五十公分長的電線。
METHOD- OLOGY
Step 1: Remove the eraser and metal from the ends of the pencils and sharpen at both ends.
Step 2: Push the pencils through the cardboard, about 2cm apart and stand them up in the water.
Step 3: Sprinkle some salt in the water and let it dissolve.
Step 4: Connect a wire from the negative terminal of the battery to the graphite tip of one of the pencils. Connect the other wire from the other pencil to the positive terminal. Observe what happens.
方法
步驟一：取下兩枝鉛筆尾端的橡皮擦和金屬片後，將兩端都削尖。
步驟二：將兩枝鉛筆間隔約兩公分戳入紙板後，使其站立於溫水杯中。
步驟三：在水裡撒一些鹽，待其溶解。
步驟四：將電線的一端接在電池的負極上，另一端連到其中一枝鉛筆的筆芯上。將另一根電線的一頭接上另一枝鉛筆，另一頭連上電池的正極。觀察有什麼變化。
WHY IT WORKS 實驗原理
Hydrogen forms at the cathode (the negative terminal) and chlorine forms at the anode (the positive terminal) in a process known as electrolysis.
Perhaps you’re wondering how you managed to make chlorine from hydrogen and oxygen. The reason is because of the salt. In step three we added salt because electrolysis of pure water is extremely slow. The chemical formula for salt is sodium chloride (NaCl). During electrolysis, the oxygen atoms react with the salt to form chlorine gas.
1. hydrogen n.
氫 (qing1)
2. oxygen n.
氧 (yang3)
3. molecule n.
分子 (fen1 zi3)
4. atom n.
原子 (yuan2 zi3)
5. cathode n.
陰極 (yin1 ji2)
6. anode n.
陽極 (yang2 ji2)
7. electrolysis n.
電解作用 (dian4 jie3 zuo4 yong4)
(JOHN PHILLIPS, STAFF WRITER)
電池陰極（負極）會產生氫氣，而陽極（正極）則會產生氯氣，這就是所謂的電解作用。
也死你會好奇氯是怎麼從氫和氧中跑出來的。答案就是鹽！在步驟三中，我們加入了鹽，這是因為純水的電解過程極為緩慢，而鹽的化學式是氯化鈉（NaCl）。在電解過程中，氧原子和鹽起作用產生了氯氣。
（翻譯：袁星塵）
Electrolysis has many industrial uses, including the production of aluminum, magnesium, and of course chlorine.
電解作用可以應用在許多工業用途上，包括鋁、鎂，當然還有氯的製作。
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