Taiwan in Time: Oct.19 to Oct. 25
Taiwan is one of a handful countries in the world not a member of the UN, stemming back to Oct. 25, 1971 when UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 was ratified in a two-thirds vote.
The resolution, sponsored by Albania, recognized the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as “the only legitimate representative of China to the United Nations” and expelled “the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek [蔣介石] from the place which they unlawfully occupy at the United Nations and in all the organizations related to it.”
The issue was that after the Chinese Civil War, the PRC under the Chinese Communist Party gained control of China, with Chiang’s Republic of China (ROC) government under the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) relegated to Taiwan and other minor islands. Yet both governments continued to claim to be the legitimate ruler of both China and Taiwan.
In fact, the ROC was a charter member of the UN, formed also this week, on Oct. 24, 1945, along with the Soviet Union, the UK and the US.
The UN General Assembly debated transferring China’s seat from the ROC to the PRC throughout the 1950s and 1960s, but the US was able to use its influence to block the move.
As early as 1950, the UK recognized the PRC as the legitimate government of China, severing relations with the ROC. But things really started changing in the 1960s, as the PRC gained the support of a large number of newly independent nations (mostly in Asia, South America and Africa) that changed the composition of the international body. And in 1964, even France, decided to recognize the PRC.
Starting in 1961, the US and other countries would introduce a resolution every year deeming any proposal to change China’s representation an “important question” that required a two-thirds majority to pass. That resolution would pass every time, but the vote for the subsequent resolution regarding accepting the PRC became increasingly tighter, reaching a tie in 1965.
Canada established ties with the PRC in October 1970. A month later, for the first time a majority supported the PRC’s admission with a 51 to 49 vote — although still not meeting the two-thirds requirement.
The US had tried to propose the idea of dual representation by allowing both governments into the UN (with the PRC taking over the Security Council seat) but neither Chiang nor the PRC would likely have agreed to such an idea due to their insistence on being the sole ruler of China and Taiwan.
The US submitted a dual representation resolution in 1971 nonetheless. Albania, however, had already submitted its bid to admit the PRC and it was to be voted on first. If passed, then dual representation would be a moot point. The Americans made one last effort by proposing to remove the “expulsion of Chiang” part from Albania’s resolution, but the motion was rejected.
Before the vote, the ROC delegation announced that they would not take part in further proceedings and walked out of the General Assembly.
On Oct. 27, Chiang officially declared the ROC’s withdrawal from the UN and its refusal to recognize the resolution.
“The United Nations has set justice aside, shamefully prostrating to evil forces and cowardly yielding to violence,” he wrote. “The United Nations that my country helped form is now a hotbed of evil, and history will prove that the Republic of China’s declaration of withdrawal will also be the declaration of the destruction of the United Nations.”
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