As India was pitching itself as a hot investment destination at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, figures showed the amount of foreign money entering the country has fallen by nearly a third.
It may seem a surprising figure given scorching growth running at nearly 9 percent. However, the culprits are delays in environmental clearances and land acquisition, red tape and infrastructure bottlenecks, a report by India’s central bank said last week.
Last year, foreign direct investment (FDI) in India slid 32 percent from a year earlier to US$24 billion.
At the same time, rivals were drawing ever more FDI. Singapore grabbed 122 percent more than the previous year with US$37 billion, China drew 6.3 percent more than 2009 at US$100 billion, while FDI inflows into Malaysia grew by a staggering 410 percent to US$7 billion.
‘WAKE-UP CALL’
“The numbers are a wake-up call. India has been dragging its heels on economic reforms for too long,” said Kevin Grice, international economist at London-based Capital Economics.
The figures came as India sent a huge corporate and government presence to the Davos meeting in the Swiss Alps, with bullish chief executives hailing India’s booming economy and investment potential.
However, the central bank said that the biggest investment falls were in construction, real estate, mining and business and financial services.
“India should take note. Its peers are marching ahead. India’s policies are not as open, competitive and welcoming as they should be,” said Deepak Lalwani, head of London-based Lalcap Ltd, an Indian investment consultancy.
COMPLAINTS
Businesses regularly complain about India’s byzantine regulations, burdensome standards and cumbersome visa rules.
The central bank said India must pull up its socks to reverse the investment decline by shortening approval times and sorting out land acquisition issues.
Industrialization has long been championed by economists as a way to pull tens of millions of Indians out of poverty. However, across the country, acquiring land for factories has frequently created battlegrounds.
Among the host of stalled high-profile projects are South Korean steelmaker POSCO’s plans to build a US$12 billion mill.
The scheme, which would be India’s largest single foreign investment, has hung in limbo since 2005, running into trouble over land rights and environmental clearances.
Giant steelmaker ArcelorMittal has also found itself unable to acquire land for five years for a proposed plant in eastern India.
“Wherever land acquisition and environment clearance are concerned, the projects are piling up,” Indian Steel Minister Virbhadra Singh said recently, adding that delays trigger a “chain reaction” by deterring other investors.
The central bank said India must also speed up its economic reform process, hamstrung by political opposition. Since the Congress government was re-elected two years ago, it has taken no major steps on opening up the economy.
The investment decline, if it continues, spells bad news for the country, which the bank said “needs a quantum step” in investment to propel economic growth to the double-digit levels needed to reduce massive poverty.
Another dampener is high inflation, running at nearly 9 percent, together with a series of aggressive interest hikes by the central bank that could hit growth, reducing India’s allure for investors, analysts say.
The bank last week raised borrowing costs to a nearly three-year peak to curb rising prices.
The bank also warned that if the global recovery turns out to be accelerating faster than expected, it could increase the attractiveness of investing in developed economies, which would hit capital flows to India.
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