It is the world’s rarest whale, with only seven of its kind ever spotted. Almost nothing is known about the enigmatic species, but on Monday a small group of scientists and cultural experts in New Zealand clustered around a near-perfectly preserved spade-toothed whale hoping to decode decades of mystery.
“I can’t tell you how extraordinary it is,” said a joyful Anton van Helden, senior marine science adviser for New Zealand’s conservation agency, who gave the spade-toothed whale its name to distinguish it from other beaked species. “For me personally, it’s unbelievable.”
Van Helden has studied beaked whales for 35 years, but Monday was the first time he has participated in a dissection of the spade-toothed variety. In fact, the careful study of the creature — which washed up dead on a New Zealand beach in July — is the first ever to take place.
Photo: AP
None has ever been seen alive at sea.
The list of what scientists do not know about spade-toothed whales is longer than what they do know. They do not know where in the ocean the whales live, why they have never been spotted in the wild, or what their brains look like. All beaked whales have different stomach systems and researchers do not know how the spade-toothed processes its food. They do not know how this one died.
Over the next week, researchers studying the 5m-long male at an agricultural research center near the city of Dunedin hope to find out.
“There may be parasites completely new to science that just live in this whale,” said Van Helden, who thrilled at the chance of learning how the species produces sound and what it eats. “Who knows what we’ll discover?”
Only six other spade-toothed whales have ever been found, but all those discovered intact were buried before DNA testing could verify their identification.
New Zealand is a whale-stranding hot spot, with more than 5,000 episodes recorded since 1840, according to the New Zealand Department of Conservation.
The first spade-toothed whale bones were found in 1872 on New Zealand’s Pitt Island. Another discovery was made at an offshore island in the 1950s, and the bones of a third were found on Chile’s Robinson Crusoe Island in 1986.
DNA sequencing in 2002 proved that all three specimens were of the same species — and that it was distinct from other beaked whales — but researchers studying the mammal could not confirm whether the species was extinct until 2010, when two whole spade-toothed whales, both dead, washed up on a New Zealand beach. However, none has been studied before.
The seventh of its kind, surrounded by white-aproned scientists who were measuring and photographing, on Monday appeared relatively unblemished, giving no clue about its death. Researchers pointed out marks from cookiecutter sharks — normal, they said, and not the cause.
The dissection would be quiet, methodical and slower than usual, because it is being undertaken in partnership with the Maori. To the Maori, whales are a taonga — a precious treasure — and the creature would be treated with the reverence afforded to an ancestor.
Members of the local iwi, or Maori people, would be present throughout the dissection and consulted at each turn, allowing them to share traditional knowledge and observe customs, such as saying a karakia (prayer) over the creature before the study begins.
“According to our beliefs and our traditions, this whale is a gift of Tangaroa, deity of the ocean,” Tumai Cassidy said. “It’s very important for us to respect that gift and to honor the whale.”
The iwi are to keep the jawbone and teeth of the whale at the end of the dissection, before its skeleton is displayed in a museum. 3D printing would be used to replicate those parts, using a CT scan taken of the whale’s head this week.
“It all builds a richer picture for that species, but also tells us how it interacts with our oceans,” Cassidy said.
It is thought that spade-toothed whales live in the vast Southern Pacific Ocean, home to some of the world’s deepest ocean trenches. Beaked whales are the ocean’s deepest divers for food, and the spade-toothed might rarely surface, adding to its mystery.
The assembled scientists on Monday included a few who had traveled from abroad to see the whale, which was put in refrigerated storage after its discovery.
“What we are interested in is not only how these animals died, but how they lived,” said Joy Reidenberg, a comparative anatomist from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York. “In discovering how they live, we are hoping to find discoveries that we can apply back to the human condition.”
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