A Chinese-backed plan for Cambodia to build the Mekong River’s biggest dam would destroy fisheries that feed millions and worsen tensions with Vietnam, the downstream country with most to lose from dams on the waterway, according to a three-year study commissioned by the Cambodian government.
The report, posted earlier this month on the Web site of the US-based organization that conducted the study, said the Sambor Dam would “generate large power benefits to Cambodia, but at the probable cost of the destruction of the Mekong fishery and the certain enmity of Vietnam.”
The dam designed by China Southern Power Grid Co would have a 620km2 reservoir and dwarf the biggest dam currently being built on the Mekong, the Xayaburi Dam in Laos, which was bitterly opposed by environmentalists for years, it said.
The Natural Heritage Institute experts who authored the report, submitted to the Cambodian government late last year, recommended that it defer the project while studying “better” alternatives, such as using solar power to augment existing hydroelectric dams.
Alternative sites upstream where the Mekong separates into several channels are possible, but are either financially unfeasible or only marginally less destructive than the site currently envisaged for the 2,600 megawatt dam, the study said.
Possible mitigation measures are either unproven or have a poor track record, it added.
According to the report, the dam would block fish migration from the giant Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia, which is crucial for reproduction and replenishing what scientists have said is the most productive freshwater fishery in the world.
It would also prevent riverbed sediment that fertilizes the Mekong Delta rice bowl from moving downriver, a particular problem for Vietnam, where delta farmlands are being destroyed by saltwater incursion from the sea, it said.
“The dam and the reservoir would create a barrier that would be devastating for the migratory fish stocks,” the study said.
It also warned that a population of about 80 critically endangered Irrawaddy river dolphins would likely be wiped out, because the deep river pools they use as a dry-season refuge would become filled with sediment blocked by the dam.
The Cambodian government, closely allied with Beijing and the recipient of substantial Chinese aid and investment, has not publicly commented on the report.
Seven dams that China built on the Mekong headwaters in its territory are already a headache for Southeast Asian countries, reducing the amount of sediment floating downstream by as much as half, researchers said.
The Chinese dams were blamed for exacerbating a Southeast Asian drought in 2016, but countries in the region are pressing ahead with plans for Chinese companies to build a slew of other Mekong dams to meet growing demand for energy.
Laos, one of the poorest countries in Asia, is pinning development hopes on becoming a source of power for its neighbors.
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