Jubilant crowds celebrated yesterday as Bangladesh and India swapped tiny islands of land, ending one of the world’s most intractable border disputes that has kept thousands in limbo for nearly seven decades.
As the clock struck one minute past midnight, thousands of people who have been living without schools, clinics or power for a generation erupted in cheers of celebration for their new citizenship.
“We have been in darkness for 68 years,” said Russel Khandaker, 20, as he danced with friends in the Dashiar Chhara enclave, which belonged to India, but has now become part of Bangladesh.
Photo: AFP
“We’ve finally seen the light,” he said.
A total of 162 tiny islands of land — 111 in Bangladesh and 51 in India — were officially handed over to the countries surrounding them yesterday after Dhaka and New Delhi struck a border agreement in June.
The land-swap means that about 50,000 people who have been living in the isolated enclaves since 1947 can now become part of the countries that surround their homes.
In Dashiar Chhara, thousands of people defied monsoon rains to celebrate, marching through rain-soaked muddy roads singing the Bangladeshi national anthem and shouting: “My country, your country. Bangladesh! Bangladesh!”
Others lit 68 candles to mark the end of “68 years of endless pain and indignity.”
Sharifa Akter, 20, held a candle in her hand and smiled. “I can now fulfill my dream to be a top government bureaucrat,” she said.
“We’re now human beings with full human rights,” Maidul Islam, 18, said.
Officials from Bangladesh and India hoisted their respective national flags over their new territories yesterday morning in formal ceremonies.
“We sang the national anthem as we raised Bangladesh flags at 6am in all 111 enclaves that are now part of Bangladesh territory,” Debiganj chief government administrator Shafiqul Islam said.
Islam said the Bangladeshi government would now roll out a “fast-track master plan” to develop the enclaves. The plan includes building new roads, schools, power lines and clinics.
The enclaves date back to ownership arrangements made centuries ago between local princes.
The parcels of land survived partition of the subcontinent in 1947 after British rule and Bangladesh’s 1971 war of independence with Pakistan.
Bangladesh endorsed a deal with India in 1974 in a bid to dissolve the pockets, but India only signed a final agreement in June when Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Dhaka.
In the final hours before the handover, villagers held special feasts and joined prayers in mosques and Hindu temples to usher in the new era.
Pradeep Kumar Barman sang a devotional song praising Hindu Lord Krishna as he led his troupe near a temple at the main bazaar in Dashiar Chhara, singing: “Oh what a joy, what a joy!”
Plans for more lavish festivities have been scaled back as India is observing a period of national mourning for former Indian president Abdul Kalam, who died this week.
“This is the biggest celebration of my life. I can’t describe how I feel today,” said Parul Khatun, 35, a resident of the Indian enclave of Kot Bajni.
Both India and Bangladesh conducted surveys this month asking enclave residents to choose a nation.
The overwhelming majority of people living in Indian enclaves in Bangladesh opted for Bangladeshi citizenship, but nearly 1,000 people on the Bangladesh side opted to keep their Indian nationalities.
They now have to leave their homes by November for India where they are to be resettled in the state of West Bengal.
The decision has split some families along generational lines, with ambitious young people moving to India and leaving behind parents who are either afraid to move or just want to stay where they grew up.
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