The UN is quietly preparing an exit strategy for its troops in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), the biggest UN peacekeeping mission in the world, diplomats and officials said.
Speaking on condition of anonymity, diplomats and UN officials said DR Congo President Joseph Kabila was putting pressure on the UN and Security Council ahead of the country’s 50th anniversary next year to come up with a plan for ending the peacekeeping mission, known as MONUC.
MONUC has been in the former Belgian colony since 1999 to help the government of DR Congo as it struggles to reestablish state control over the vast central African nation following a 1998-2003 war and humanitarian disaster that have killed an estimated 5.4 million people.
“It’s partly a question of dignity,” one Western diplomat said. “Kabila’s eager to show that his government’s reliance on UN peacekeeping is decreasing. It’s understandable. No leader wants to give the impression that he needs UN peacekeepers to stay in power.”
Kabila, who won the country’s first democratic election in four decades 2006, is expected to run for re-election in 2011.
In response to the pressure from Kinshasa, UN officials and diplomats said UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s next report on DR Congo would recommend the Security Council extend MONUC’s mandate for six months, instead of a full year.
One official said this would give MONUC time to “develop with the DR Congo government proposals for the future direction of MONUC, including an exit strategy with benchmarks detailing critical tasks to be met before the mission’s drawdown.”
DR Congo Ambassador to the UN Atoki Ileka said his government would like to discuss an exit strategy and favored the idea of setting specific “benchmarks” that would allow a phased withdrawal of UN troops and peacekeepers from his country. The diplomats and UN officials made clear the withdrawal of MONUC’s nearly 20,000 troops and police from the mineral-rich country would have to be done slowly.
“I would be very surprised if a withdrawal took less than two years,” a senior UN official said.
Another UN official said an additional 3,000 peacekeepers approved by the Security Council last year have not all arrived.
“We should get all our troops in the [DR Congo] there before we start pulling them out,” another UN official said.
For this reason, the renewed mandate for MONUC the Security Council plans to approve next month will keep planned troops at unchanged levels, diplomats said.
“The situation in the [DR Congo] remains fragile and the peace process in the east at great risk of unraveling,” a UN official said. “A hasty disengagement could jeopardize the 10-year investment of the international community.”
But there might be changes in the new mandate. One idea being considered is to shift MONUC’s headquarters from Kinshasa to the east, where the mission is most active, officials said.
The long-term plan is to have a gradual shift away from peacekeepers to civilian experts focusing on reconstruction, security sector reform and fighting corruption.
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