Sun, Aug 10, 2025 page2

• China rapidly expanding nuclear arsenal: institute

  MISSILES: China’s nuclear arsenal, which is mostly land-based missiles, is about 16 percent of the US’ in size, but could grow to up to 1,500 nuclear warheads by 2035

  • By Chung Li-hua and Jonathan Chin / Staff reporter, with staff writer
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  China has enlarged its nuclear arsenal to 600 warheads at the fastest rate of nuclear capability expansion among the world’s nuclear powers, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute said in a report.

  The Mainland Affairs Council cited the report, originally published in June, in its latest situation report on China.

  Beijing’s nuclear program is expected to build up to 1,500 nuclear warheads by 2035, close to the limit of 1,550 deployed strategic nuclear warheads under the New START between the US and Russia, the institute said.

  

  Chinese military vehicles carrying DF-26 ballistic missiles travel past Tiananmen during a military parade in Beijing on Sept. 3, 2015.

  Photo: REUTERS

  The number of nuclear arms in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) inventory is estimated to be 16 percent of the US’ and 13.9 percent of the Russian arsenal, it said.

  The total destructive potential of Chinese nuclear weapons cannot be ascertained due to a lack of information, it said.

  Older Chinese nuclear weapons with inferior precision are believed to have a yield of about 1 million tonnes TNT equivalent, while newer and more precise models are believed to have a yield of several hundred thousand tonnes, it said.

  Under normal circumstances, most of the PLA’s nuclear weapons are stowed in storage facilities and not mounted atop missiles, but the situation might change as China deploys its new weapons in silos and launch vehicles, it said.

  The majority of Chinese nuclear weapon delivery systems carry a single warhead, it said.

  China’s more modern DF-5B and DF-21 intercontinental ballistic missiles are multiple independent re-entry vehicle designs, carrying up to five and up to three warheads respectively, it said.

  Evidence suggests that 50 percent of the PLA’s TF-26 intermediate-range ballistic missiles carry conventional warheads, while the rest are reserved for nuclear payloads, it said.

  The DF-27 intercontinental ballistic missile, an intermediate-range or intercontinental ballistic missile undergoing development, is likely to feature a hypersonic glide vehicle with a range of 5,000km to 8,000km, it said.

  China’s nuclear triad is heavily biased toward ground-launched weapons, which account for 80.3 percent of its capabilities, while sea and air-launched systems account for 15.4 percent and 4.3 percent respectively, it said.

  The lack of concealment offered by land-launch systems is a constraint on China’s ability to use its weapons in a hot nuclear war, the institute said.

  The US’ nuclear arsenal is 23 percent land-launched, 55 percent sea-launched and 22 percent air-launched, for a total of 3,500 nuclear warheads, with the addition of 200 tactical nuclear weapons, it said.

  The US nuclear triad’s composition is mainly focused on submarines that offer high levels of stealth, while balanced land and air-launched capabilities allow greater flexibility, it said.

  The Russian nuclear arsenal is 44.3 percent land-launched, 35 percent sea-launched and 20.3 percent air-launched, for a total of 3,500 nuclear warheads, in addition to 1,477 tactical weapons, the institute said.

  Russia’s nuclear capabilities are inferior to the US’ at sea, evenly matched on land, but have a large superiority in tactical nuclear weapons, it said.
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