1. 他們搭船渡河。
ˇ They crossed the river by boat.
χ They crossed the river by the boat.
Photo: Adobe Stock l 圖片:Adobe Stock
註︰ 表示交通方式時，交通工具前不加冠詞，如 by car、by train、by bus、by plane、by ship 等。若加了冠詞，則變成特指，意思是「他們搭上了正談論的那班船」，而不是泛指搭船這種交通方式。
2. 他們不再相信社會主
ˇ They no longer believe in socialism.
Photo: Adobe Stock l 圖片:Adobe Stock
χ They no longer believe in the socialism.
註︰ socialism、capitalism 等以 -ism 結尾的抽象名詞前不加冠詞。
3. 王博士演講介紹量子力學的基本知識。
ˇ Dr. Wang gave a lecture on the basics of quantum mechanics.
χ Dr. Wang gave a lecture on the basics of the quantum mechanics.
註︰ 「量子力學」作為一種科目，不需加定冠詞。其他如 political science、Chinese literature、English history 等也是如此。
4. 南方人喜歡吃米，不太吃饅頭。
ˇ The southerners prefer rice to steamed bread.
χ The southerners prefer the rice to the steamed bread.
註︰ rice、flour 等物質名稱前面不加冠詞。
5. 他因該戰役的功績晉升為上校。
ˇ He was promoted to the rank of colonel because of his meritorious service in the battle.
χ He was promoted the colonel because of his meritorious service in the battle.
註︰ 職務的名稱前面不必用冠詞。例如：
He served as second mate on the ship.（他在船上當二副。）
He has been commissioned as lieutenant.（他已晉升為中尉。）
Exercises
A. 他決心起來反抗極權。
He made up his mind to stand against __________ totalitarianism.
1. x 2. a 3. the 4. all
B. 經過多年努力工作，她晉升為學校校長。
After many years of hard work, she was appointed ______________.
1. the principal 2. principal
3. a principal 4. this principal
Answers:
A. 1
B. 2
文章由書林出版公司提供：
www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》，《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員；研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯，從事植物與人文導覽數十年，亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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