★ Part 2 continued from last Sunday(延續自上週日): https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang
“Before the Flood” (2016)
A look at how climate change affects our environment and what society can do to prevent the demise of endangered species, ecosystems and native communities across the planet. (IMDB)
Photo courtesy of National Geographic / 照片:National Geographic提供
Manipulate 操控
李奧納多說,過去兩年間他曾在北京感受到重工業霾害的威力、目睹加拿大寒帶森林遭夷為平地、印尼雨林被炙火燒盡,以及北極冰河大量融化等駭人場景,呼籲各國代表必須即刻行動(take action),阻止化石燃料公司操控政府及持續汙染,並作了以下的震撼結尾:
No more allowing the fossil fuel companies to manipulate and dictate the science and policies that affect our future. This is the only body that can do what is needed. You, sitting in this very hall.
(不能再任由這些化石燃料公司任意操弄與支配將影響全人類未來的科學與政策。這個聯合國會堂是唯一能夠採取所需行動的組織。就是你,在這會堂中的每一份子。)
Manipulate為「操控」之意,與另一個常考動詞maneuver有時可相互替換,但用法上卻有所差異。當用於帶有負面意義,表示「計劃性地操弄某人(事)以達到某種目的」時,便可以互相通用。 例如:
His colleagues are trying to manipulate / maneuver him into betraying his supervisor.
(他的同事們想控制他,好讓他做背叛主管的事。)
Maneuver
但若純粹指「操控」物件時,用法上則略有不同。manipulate所操作的物件可以是「工具、裝置或是抽象的數據、資料」等,例:
The program is designed to manipulate a large amount of data.
(這個程式是專門用來操控大量數據的。)
而maneuver所接的物件則必須是實體、非抽象的物件,且是「需要特殊技巧操作機械、車輛等」,例:
The driver is able to maneuver big trucks comfortably in narrow streets.
(這位駕駛有辦法在狹小巷弄間開大卡車。)
牛刀小試
Q: As part of the experiment, researchers ____________ the temperature of the sample to see how it affected the result.
(A) manifested
(B) manipulated
(C) magnified
(D) maneuvered
解析:
正解為(B)。題意為「在實驗中,研究人員控制樣本溫度以觀察它會如何影響實驗結果。」選項(A)為證實、(C)為放大,皆與句意不符。而在此句意中如文章所提及,manipulate可指操控抽象的物件,而maneuver僅能接實體的機械、車輛等物件,因此答案為(B)。
SOURCE: https://www.toeic.com.tw/info/article/toeic-power/news/
文章由TOEIC Program Taiwan · Chun Shin提供:
www.facebook.com/ToeicProgramTaiwan
A: Just like the Democratic Party’s presidential candidate Kamala Harris, the Republican Party’s Donald Trump has received endorsements from some celebrities, including SpaceX founder Elon Musk. B: Plus, a new film, “The Apprentice,” about Trump’s rise was released recently. A: Isn’t it the same title as the reality TV series he hosted? B: Yeah, it was a competition reality show for jobseekers. A: My English teacher even uses it as supplemental material for English courses. A: 就像民主黨的賀錦麗,共和黨的唐納川普也獲得一些名人支持,例如SpaceX的創辦人伊隆馬斯克。 B: 關於川普崛起的電影《誰是接班人》最近也上映了。 A: 這不是跟他主持的電視實境秀同名嗎? B: 對啊,那是一群求職者的實境競賽秀。 A: 我的英文老師還拿它當英文課程的補充教材! (By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times/台北時報張聖恩)
Many patients with certain types of cancers suffer from damage to their blood cells due to the cancer itself or treatments like chemotherapy. To help rebuild healthy blood cells, patients often receive bone marrow transplants by using either pluripotent or hematopoietic stem cells. A bone marrow or stem cell transplant can speed up recovery and boost healthy blood cell production. There are primarily two types of bone marrow transplants: autologous and allogeneic. The former involves using the patient’s own stem cells, while the latter uses stem cells from a matching donor, usually a relative with a compatible human leukocyte
It’s won Oscars. Its television shows and K-pop stars dominate global charts. Its leading novelist just won the Nobel literature prize. How did South Korea become such a global cultural powerhouse? What is Hallyu? From the late 1990s, Korean dramas and K-pop idols started gaining traction in neighboring Asian countries like China and Japan, marking the start of Hallyu, or the Korean Wave. It wasn’t until Psy’s breakout hit “Gangnam Style” that Hallyu hit the West. In the decade that followed, “Babyshark” broke YouTube records, K-pop megastars BTS topped the charts, Bong Joon-ho’s “Parasite” won an Oscar, and Squid Game
在防疫期間,「超前部署」此一用語常見諸報章,成為台灣很夯的熱詞 (buzzword): 超前部署並非2020 年才出現的用語,以下為一些過去台灣政府官員曾使用「超前部署」的語境: 總統馬英九今天指出,八八風災帶來很大教訓,應落實災害防救工作……料敵從寬,禦敵從嚴,超前部署……2010 年 5 月 26 日,《中央社》 行政院副院長張善政……表示,蓮花颱風速度雖然減緩……料敵從嚴,並以超前部署為原則……2015 年 7 月 7 日,《新聞傳播處》 《今日科學》有篇文章 “Outbreak science: Infectious disease research leads to outbreak predictions” 就提到做好預判,有利政府防疫的「超前部署」: Infectious disease outbreaks, whether they be widespread like Influenza or fairly geographically restricted like Ebola, may be difficult to prevent . . . if we can forecast outbreak potential in time, public health officials and governments can preemptively prepare for a potential outbreak event. 傳染病爆發,無論是像流感那樣全面,或像伊波拉那種侷限某些地理區域,都很難預防— 然而,如果我們可以及時預知(疾病)爆發的可能,公衛當局和政府便可以為潛在的疫情爆發提前部署。 Science Daily, January 8, 2020 所以「超前部署」若是在「防災/防疫」的語境下,可譯為preemptive preparation 或 preemptive preparedness,如果用作動詞,可以說 preemptively prepare for (an outbreak, etc.)。 《世界雜誌》上有位作者提到 preemptive 和 preparation 的差異,她說 preemptive 的弦外之音是 heading off something undesirable(避凶/避災): “Preemptive” and “preparation” both refer to work done ahead