Sunny days may seem like the perfect weather to have fun outside. Many people enjoy cycling in the park, hiking in the mountains, and swimming at the beach. However, there is something one should always do before heading outdoors to enjoy these activities — put on sunscreen.
Sunscreen is composed of particles that physically bounce radiation off the skin and react with ultraviolet (UV) rays, absorbing the rays and giving off the energy as heat. While there are no sunscreens that can give you 100 percent protection from the sun, they can greatly reduce the effects of sun damage.
Labeled on every bottle of sunscreen is its sun protection factor, or SPF. This number measures the protectiveness of the sunscreen against UV radiation. For example, a sunscreen that offers an SPF of 30 will block around 97 percent of the UV rays. Comparatively, a sunscreen containing an SPF of 50 will shield against 98 percent of the UV rays. Selecting a sunscreen with an adequate SPF is important for effective protection; otherwise, too many of the sun’s harmful rays will penetrate the sunscreen.
Photo courtesy of Shutterstock 照片：Shutterstock提供
Sweating and doing things like swimming will decrease the duration of its effectiveness. Therefore, it is wise to apply waterproof or water-resistant sunscreen to your skin. It is also important to note that there are two types of UV radiation: ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) rays. Both of these rays can cause sunburn and skin cancer; however, most sunscreens only provide protection from UVB rays. So, when purchasing sunscreen, try looking for kinds that help protect your skin against both UVB and UVA.
陽光明媚的日子似乎是在戶外玩樂的完美天氣。許多人喜歡在公園騎自行車、在山上健行、在海邊游泳。但在前往戶外享受這些活動之前應該都要做某件事──塗防晒乳。
防晒乳由粒子組成，這些粒子以物理方式從皮膚反射輻射並與紫外線發生反應，吸收光線並以熱量的形式釋放能量。雖然沒有防晒乳能給你百分之百的防晒保護，但它們可以大大減少皮膚損傷的影響。
每瓶防晒乳上都標有其防晒係數（SPF）。這個數字計量出防晒乳對紫外線輻射的防護力。例如，防晒係數為30的防晒乳可以阻擋大約97%的紫外線。相比之下，防晒係數50的防晒乳可以隔絕98%的紫外線。選擇具有足夠防晒係數的防晒乳對於有效保護很重要；否則過多的太陽有害射線會穿透防晒乳。
出汗與進行游泳等活動會縮短其有效時間。因此，明智的做法是在皮膚上塗抹防水或抗水的防晒乳。有一點很重要、務必留意的是，有兩種類型的紫外線輻射：紫外線A（UVA）和紫外線B（UVB）射線。這兩種射線都會導致晒傷和皮膚癌；然而，大多數防晒乳僅提供對UVB射線的保護。因此，在購買防晒乳時，試著尋找有助於保護你的皮膚同時抵禦UVB和UVA的那種防晒乳吧。
What Did You Learn?
1. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) Most sunscreens protect against UVA rays.
(B) Sunscreen can block the sun’s rays completely.
(C) All sunscreens are good for swimming and sweating.
(D) SPF is a measure of how well a sunscreen can protect skin against some rays.
2. Amy and three of her friends went to the drugstore to buy sunscreen. Which of their interpretations of what they saw on the sunscreen bottles is correct?
(A) Friend 1, “Most types of sunscreen only provide protection from UVB but not UVA rays.”
(B) Friend 2, “The number on the bottle means that the effectiveness of it can last 50 hours.”
(C) Friend 3, “The sunscreen that offers an SPF of 50 can protect us from only 50% of the UV rays.”
(D) Amy, “It’s waterproof! We just have to apply it only once before going playing in the sea.”
3. According to the passage, what are the effects of too much UV radiation?
(A) Skin recovery and skin cancer.
(B) Sunburn and extreme thirst.
(C) Skin cancer and sunburn.
(D) Sweating and sunburn.
參考答案
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (C).
Word in Use
1. defense n. 防禦、保衛
The world must tighten its defenses against infectious diseases.
全球必須加強傳染病的防禦。
2. bounce vt. 使反射、使反彈
The little boy bounced the ball in the yard.
這名小男孩在院子裡拍球。
3. absorb vt. 吸收
Sponges are used to absorb liquids.
海綿可用來吸收液體。
4. measure vt. 計量；衡量 & n. 計量指標、計量單位
Regular tests are used to measure the students’ progress.
定期考試是用來衡量學生的進步情況。
5. block vt. 阻擋、遮蔽
The view from the window is blocked by the newly-built skyscraper.
那棟新蓋的摩天大樓擋住了從窗戶看出去的景色。
Practical Phrases
1. be composed of... 由…組成
= be made up of...
= consist of...
This music class is composed of 30 students.
這個音樂班是由三十名學生所組成。
2. react with... 與…產生化學反應
Oxygen reacts with hydrogen to produce two compounds: water and hydrogen peroxide.
氧氣和氫氣反應後會產生兩種化合物：水及過氧化氫。
3. give off 放射、散發（氣體、氣味等）
The sun gives off light and heat.
太陽會散發光與熱。
4. apply A to B 將A塗抹在B之上
My sister applies makeup to her face every morning before going to work.
我姊姊每天上班前都要化妝。
聽文章朗讀及講解: https://ivy.pse.is/455bfu
本文出自常春藤解析英語雜誌: www.ivy.com.tw
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