Have you seen Barack Obama call Donald Trump a “complete dipshit,” or Mark Zuckerberg brag about having “total control of billions of people’s stolen data”? Answer yes and you’ve seen a deepfake. The 21st century’s answer to photoshopping, deepfakes use a form of artificial intelligence (AI) called deep learning to create images of fake events, hence the name deepfake.
The AI firm Deeptrace found 15,000 deepfake videos online in September 2019, a near doubling over nine months. A staggering 96 percent were pornographic, and 99 percent of those mapped faces from female celebrities onto porn stars.
Is it just about videos? No. Deepfake technology can create convincing but entirely fictional photos from scratch.
Photo: AFP 照片：法新社
Audio can be deepfaked too. In March 2019, the chief of a UK subsidiary of a German energy firm paid nearly ￡200,000 into a Hungarian bank account after being phoned by a fraudster who mimicked the German CEO’s voice. Similar scams have reportedly used recorded WhatsApp voice messages.
How do you spot a deepfake? Poor-quality deepfakes are easier to spot. The lip synching might be bad, or the skin tone patchy. However, spotting a deepfake gets harder as the technology improves. In 2018, US researchers discovered that deepfake faces do not blink normally. No surprise there: the majority of images show people with their eyes open, so the algorithms never really learned about blinking. At first it seemed like a silver bullet for the detection problem, but no sooner had the research been published than deepfakes appeared with blinking. Such is the nature of the game: as soon as a weakness is revealed, it is fixed.
(The Guardian)
你看過歐巴馬稱川普為「徹頭徹尾的蠢貨」，或是祖克柏吹噓「完全掌控了數十億人被盜的資料」嗎？若你回答是，那麼你已見識過「deepfake」（深偽）。deepfake是二十一世紀對Photoshop影像處理的回應，使用一種稱為「深度學習」的人工智慧來製作影像以偽造事情，因此而得名。
人工智慧公司Deeptrace二○一九年九月在網路上發現了一萬五千個deepfake影片，在九個月內幾乎翻了一倍。其中高達百分之九十六的比例是色情內容，所顯示的臉孔，百分之九十九是女性，從名人到色情片明星都有。
deepfake只限於影片嗎？不是的。此技術可做出令人信服，卻是完全虛構的照片。
聲音也可以被深度偽造。二○一九年三月，一家德國能源公司的英國子公司負責人接到一通詐騙電話，騙子的聲音模仿德國的CEO，該負責人便將近二十萬英鎊匯入一個匈牙利的銀行帳戶。據報導，類似的詐騙手法也用於錄製WhatsApp語音訊息。
要如何辨識deepfake呢？品質差的deepfake較容易被識破──嘴唇可能不太同步，或者膚色不均勻。但隨著技術的進步，辨識deepfake變得越來越難。二○一八年，美國有研究人員發現deepfake的人臉無法正常地眨眼。這不令人意外：大多數影像所顯示的人臉，眼睛都是睜開的，因此演算法從未真正學習到眨眼。起先眨眼似乎是識破深偽的訣竅。但這項研究發表後不久，會眨眼的deepfake就出現了。這就是遊戲的本質：弱點一旦被發現，就會被修復。
（台北時報林俐凱編譯）
As global travel rebounds following the COVID-19 pa ndemic, the longstanding issue of overtourism has returned stronger than ever. Throughout 2024, numerous popular destinations worldwide struggled with tourist numbers that far exceeded their infrastructural and environmental capacities. Not only does this surge congest streets and pollute landscapes, but it also endangers cultural sites and disrupts the daily lives of residents. In response to the growing problem of “overtourism,” various nations have adopted diverse strategies, some of which have sparked controversy. Venice, Italy, has not hesitated to take bold action; since 2024, the city has implemented one of the
In an effort to fight phone scams, British mobile phone company O2 has introduced Daisy, an AI designed to engage phone con artists in time-wasting conversations. Daisy is portrayed as a kindly British granny, exploiting scammers’ tendency to target the elderly. Her voice, based on a real grandmother’s for authenticity, adds to her credibility in the role. “O2” has distributed several dedicated phone numbers online to direct scammers to Daisy instead of actual customers. When Daisy receives a call, she translates the scammers’ spoken words into text and then responds to them accordingly through a text-to-speech system. Remarkably, Daisy
A: This year’s Met Gala, the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s fundraiser, is coming on the first Monday of May. B: The event, featuring a lineup of stars, is often praised as fashion’s Oscars. A: Some Asian stars, like Taiwanese pop diva Jolin Tsai, have also attended in the past. B: What are the theme and dress code this time? A: This year’s theme is “Superfine: Tailoring Black Style.” It’s the first time since 2003 that the theme is focusing on menswear. The dress code is “Tailored for You.” A: 哇今年的大都會博物館慈善晚宴「Met Gala」，即將在5月第一個星期一登場。 B: 這可是被譽為「時尚奧斯卡」的年度盛事，許多巨星都會參加耶。 A:
A: Isn’t the Met Gala, the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s fundraiser, chaired by Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour? B: Yeah, the blockbuster “The Devil Wears Prada” is allegedly based on her story. A: This year’s four co-chairs are actor Colman Domingo, F1 driver Lewis Hamilton, rapper A$AP Rocky and Louis Vuitton men’s creative director Pharrell Williams. B: And basketball superstar LeBron James is the honorary chair. A: I can’t wait to see the lineup of stars on the red carpet. A: 大都會博物館慈善晚宴「Met Gala」，是《時尚》雜誌全球總監安娜溫圖為該館服裝學院主辦的募款活動吧？ B: 對啊，電影《穿著普拉達的惡魔》據說是以她為範本。 A: 今年晚宴共同主席還有：演員柯爾曼多明哥、F1賽車手路易斯漢米頓、饒舌歌手A$AP洛基、LV男裝創意總監菲董。 B: 籃球巨星勒布朗詹姆斯則是榮譽主席。 A: 紅毯上的全球星光真令人期待！ （By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times／台北時報張迪）
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