When nature calls, Masana Izawa has followed the same routine for more than 50 years: heading out to the woods in Japan, dropping his pants and doing as bears do.
“We survive by eating other living things. But you can give faeces back to nature so that organisms in the soil can decompose them,” the 74-year-old said.
“This means you are giving life back. What could be a more sublime act?”
Photo: AP
“Fundo-shi” (“poop-soil master”) Izawa is something of a celebrity in Japan, publishing books, delivering lectures and appearing in a documentary.
People flock to his “Poopland” and centuries-old wooden “Fundo-an” (“poop-soil house”) in Sakuragawa, north of Tokyo, sometimes dozens of them a month.
There, in his 7,000-square-metre woodland — about the size of a soccer pitch — visitors get tips for open-air best practice.
Photo: Reuters
“Noguso,” as it is known in Japanese, requires digging a hole, a leaf or two for wiping, a bottle of water to wash up and twigs to mark the spot.
The sticks ensure he doesn’t use the same place twice and can later return to keep precise records of the decomposition process.
“Feel the back of these. Can you tell how soft they are?” he said, showing palm-sized silver poplar leaves picked from a branch.
Photo: AP
“[It’s] more comfortable than paper.”
EGOCENTRIC
Izawa is a former nature photographer who specialised in mushrooms before retiring in 2006.
His excrement epiphany came at age 20 when he saw a protest against the construction of a sewage plant.
“We all produce faeces, but [the demonstrators] wanted the treatment plant somewhere far away and out of sight,” he says.
“People who believed they were absolutely right made such an egocentric argument.”
He concluded that to alleviate his own conscience at least, outdoor defecating was the answer.
FALLING FOUL
Toilets, toilet paper and wastewater facilities require huge amounts of water, energy and chemicals. Letting soil do the work is much better for the environment, says Izawa, who believes more people should follow his lead.
Human waste — more than other animals’ — can contain bacteria that are potentially harmful to the environment, and defecating outside is banned in Japan.
But since Izawa owns the forest around his centuries-old house, he has not fallen foul of the authorities.
He digs up old spots that he says show human stools are entirely and quickly broken down, unless they contain antibiotic medicines.
“Fungal activities degrade and transform things like dead animals, excrement and fallen leaves into nutritious earth, on which a forest grows,” he says.
RISKY BUSINESS
Izawa’s iron beliefs have cost him dearly, not least his second marriage after an incident involving Machu Picchu, the popular tourist site in Peru.
He cancelled a leg of their honeymoon trip to the site after learning he would have to use the facilities.
“I jeopardised my wife and a trip to Machu Picchu just for a single ‘noguso’,” he says, laughing.
He believes that climate change and the growing interest in more sustainable ways of living may be winning him more attention, especially from young people.
Kazumichi Fujii, 43, a soil scientist at the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) in Japan, agreed.
“[It is] due to the Fukushima [nuclear] disaster, the Greta Thunberg movement, ... distrust for the preceding generations and the desire for alternatives,” Fujii said.
But Fujii warns Izawa that his methods may not be as safe as he thinks, particularly his habit of tasting the soil from Poopland to demonstrate how safe it is.
The city of Edo, as pre-modern Tokyo was known, used human excrement to fertilise farmland, but “some 70 percent of residents suffered from parasite infection,” Fujii said.
“I must be seen as a hell of a freak,” laughs Izawa. “But it is due to the human-centric society.
“In the whole ecological system, no other animal but humans use toilets...the human world is rather absurd to me.”
He now strongly hopes that his body will also be decomposed in the forest instead of being cremated as is customary in Japan.
“I find the purpose of living in doing ‘noguso’,” he said.
During the Metal Ages, prior to the arrival of the Dutch and Chinese, a great shift took place in indigenous material culture. Glass and agate beads, introduced after 400BC, completely replaced Taiwanese nephrite (jade) as the ornamental materials of choice, anthropologist Liu Jiun-Yu (劉俊昱) of the University of Washington wrote in a 2023 article. He added of the island’s modern indigenous peoples: “They are the descendants of prehistoric Formosans but have no nephrite-using cultures.” Moderns squint at that dynamic era of trade and cultural change through the mutually supporting lenses of later settler-colonialism and imperial power, which treated the indigenous as
By 1971, heroin and opium use among US troops fighting in Vietnam had reached epidemic proportions, with 42 percent of American servicemen saying they’d tried opioids at least once and around 20 percent claiming some level of addiction, according to the US Department of Defense. Though heroin use by US troops has been little discussed in the context of Taiwan, these and other drugs — produced in part by rogue Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) armies then in Thailand and Myanmar — also spread to US military bases on the island, where soldiers were often stoned or high. American military policeman
An attempt to promote friendship between Japan and countries in Africa has transformed into a xenophobic row about migration after inaccurate media reports suggested the scheme would lead to a “flood of immigrants.” The controversy erupted after the Japan International Cooperation Agency, or JICA, said this month it had designated four Japanese cities as “Africa hometowns” for partner countries in Africa: Mozambique, Nigeria, Ghana and Tanzania. The program, announced at the end of an international conference on African development in Yokohama, will involve personnel exchanges and events to foster closer ties between the four regional Japanese cities — Imabari, Kisarazu, Sanjo and
A town in Japan is to urge all residents to restrict their smartphone use to two hours a day in an attempt to tackle online addiction and sleep deprivation. Officials in Toyoake, Aichi prefecture, said the measure would target not only children but also adults, amid growing concern about the physical and psychological toll excessive smartphone use is taking on people of all ages. The move aims “to prevent excessive use of devices causing physical and mental health issues … including sleep problems,” the mayor, Masafumi Koki said recently. The Toyoake municipal assembly began debating the non-binding ordinance this week ahead of a
RSS