Russian President Vladimir Putin’s hypersonic missile carried a simple message to the West over Ukraine: Back off, and if you do not, Russia reserves the right to hit US and British military facilities.
Russia fired a new intermediate-range hypersonic ballistic missile known as “Oreshnik,” or Hazel Tree, at Ukraine on Thursday in what Putin said was a direct response to strikes on Russia by Ukrainian forces with US and British missiles.
In a special statement from the Kremlin just after 8pm in Moscow that day, the Russian president said the war was escalating toward a global conflict, although he avoided any nuclear rhetoric.
Illustration: Yusha
Putin has also refrained, so far, from actually striking the West, a step that could lead to a direct confrontation between Russia and the NATO alliance — and a confrontation that US President Joe Biden said in March 2022 would be World War III.
In his statement, the Kremlin chief gave the West notice that Russia reserved the right to strike at the military installations of countries that let Ukraine use their missiles to hit Russia — so far only the US and the UK.
“Putin is saying to the West stop — halt — back off,” former Kremlin adviser Sergei Markov told Reuters.
“The signal Putin is sending to the world is that we consider these strikes as the direct entry of the United States and Britain into a war against Russia,” he said. “But we are not responding with all our might right now, because these strikes against Russia will not change the outcome of the war.”
A Russian source who spoke on condition of anonymity due to the sensitivity of the situation said Putin had hinted that he wanted to steer clear of escalation, although the odds of Russia using nuclear weapons remained pretty high.
The source did not clarify whether he was talking about tactical battlefield weapons or long-range nuclear missiles.
Biden dropped his opposition to Ukraine firing US missiles at targets deep inside Russia in response to North Korea’s entry to the war, a shift in US policy that took on added urgency following former US president Donald Trump’s Nov. 5 election win, sources familiar with the matter told Reuters on Thursday.
The decision could help to “Trump-proof” parts of Biden’s Ukraine agenda by strengthening Kyiv’s position in case it loses US support, one of the sources said.
Russian officials cast the move by Biden as a reckless decision by a lame-duck outgoing administration aimed at creating a serious crisis for Trump to resolve when he is inaugurated as president in January.
That puts Putin in a difficult position: if he escalates now, he could stoke just such a crisis. However, if he does not, then the West could interpret him as weak and keep pushing through clear Russian red lines.
When Putin warned in September that Russia would update its nuclear doctrine to allow a potential nuclear response to the use of conventional Western missiles to strike Russia, US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken said it was not the first time he had “rattled the nuclear sabre”.
The day Ukraine fired US-made ATACMS missiles deep into Russian territory, Putin approved the lowering of the nuclear threshold flagged two months earlier.
After Putin lowered the threshold, the Pentagon said that the US had not changed its nuclear posture — or observed a change in Russia’s nuclear posture.
The Pentagon and the British Ministry of Defence did not immediately respond to questions about whether they had changed any security postures in response to Putin’s threat to attack their military installations.
When asked what the main message of Putin’s statement was, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov on Friday said that the key thing was that Russia would react to “reckless actions” from Western countries which take part in strikes on Russia.
“The Russian side has clearly demonstrated its capabilities, and the contours of further retaliatory actions in case our concerns are not taken into account are clearly outlined,” he said.
Besides warning that US and British military facilities could be targeted, Putin also said Washington’s plans to deploy short and intermediate-range missiles in Europe and Asia could prompt Moscow to do the same — bringing its firepower within closer striking range of the West.
“Putin is clearly signaling increased reliance on strategic weapons — including nuclear and longer-range missiles — to push the US and NATO to stop its support for Ukraine,” said Jon Wolfsthal, former special assistant to former US president Barack Obama and now director of global risk at the Federation of American Scientists.
“I don’t think he has any intention to go nuclear in a war he is winning, but he appears to want us to worry a lot, perhaps to make it easier for Trump to cut and run,” he said.
Markov said Putin’s statement was also directed at his audience in Russia, where Markov said there were “a lot of voices calling for Putin to strike the West directly — and strike it hard”.
Pro-Putin Russian Telegram channels cast the 72-year-old as a Krepkiy Oreshnik, a word play on the name of the missile and the 1988 film Die Hard starring Bruce Willis, which translates into Russian as Krepkiy Oreshek — or a tough nut.
Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov praised Putin for a statement he said thousands of soldiers had been waiting a long time for.
“They are sitting there in the West and it is warm and quite calm. So let them feel on their own skin what a real war is,” Kadyrov said. “Did they want a real war with Russia? So let them have their fill of it!”
“It is necessary to demonstrate the full murderous power of Russian long-range weapons,” he said.
Putin said Ukraine’s attack with ATACMS on Tuesday last week had failed to inflict any serious damage.
However, the attack a day later with British Storm Shadow missiles on the Kursk region targeted a command point and led to deaths and injuries, he said.
Firing what the US believes is a new ballistic missile in response is a clear warning to the West, but a carefully calibrated one, analysts said.
Peskov said Russia was not technically obliged to warn Washington about the strike, because the missile was intermediate-range rather than intercontinental.
Moscow had informed the US 30 minutes beforehand anyway, he added.
And while Putin pointedly avoided mention of nuclear weapons in his statement, the new hypersonic missile Russia fired at Dnipro in Ukraine can be equipped with nuclear warheads, and can reach Europe or the west coast of the US.
Ultimately, Putin warned the West not to underestimate his resolve.
“We consider ourselves entitled to use our weapons against the military facilities of those countries that allow their weapons to be used against our facilities,” Putin said. “If anyone else doubts this, then they are wrong — there will always be a response.”
Additional reporting by Idrees Ali and Phil Stewart in Washington, Alistair Smout in London.
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