I do not usually write about cultural products from my own country, but I must make an exception for Slovenian filmmaker Miran Zupanic’s new documentary Sarajevo Safari, which details one of the most bizarre and pathological episodes of the 1992 to 1996 siege of the Bosnian capital.
It is well known that Serb snipers in the hills surrounding the city would arbitrarily shoot residents on the streets below, and that select Serb allies — mostly Russians — were invited to fire some shots of their own.
Yet we learn that this opportunity was provided not only as a gesture of appreciation, but as a kind of tourist activity for paying customers. Through “safaris” organized by the Bosnian Serb army, dozens of rich foreigners — mostly from the US, the UK and Italy, but also from Russia — paid top dollar for the chance to shoot at helpless civilians.
Consider the special form of subjectivity that such a safari would confer on the “hunter.” Though the victims were anonymous, this was no video game. The perverse thrill lay in the fact that it was real. Yet, by playing the “hunter,” these rich tourists, occupying a safe perch above the city, effectively excluded themselves from ordinary reality. For their targets, the stakes were life or death.
There is something perversely honest in this melding of reality and spectacle. After all, are not top politicians and corporate managers also engaged in a kind of safari? From their safe perch in the C-suite, executives often ruin many lives.
NUCLEAR THREAT
Former Russian president Dmitry Medvedev, who now serves as deputy chairman of the Russian Security Council, recently imputed a similar logic to Western political leaders. Dismissing warnings by the US and NATO about the consequences of a Russian tactical nuclear strike, Medvedev said:
“[T]he security of Washington, London, Brussels is much more important for the North Atlantic Alliance than the fate of a dying Ukraine that no one needs. The supply of modern weapons is just a business for Western countries. Overseas and European demagogues are not going to perish in a nuclear apocalypse. Therefore, they will swallow the use of any weapon in the current conflict.”
Medvedev also said that the Kremlin would “do everything” to prevent “hostile neighbors” such as “Nazi Ukraine” from acquiring or hosting nuclear weapons, as this supposedly would pose an existential threat to the Russian state.
However, since it is Russia that is threatening Ukraine’s existence as a state, Medvedev’s logic dictates that Ukraine should also have arms — and even nuclear weapons — to achieve military parity.
Recall Russian President Vladimir Putin’s words in June: “there is no in-between, no intermediate state: either a country is sovereign, or it is a colony, no matter what the colonies are called.”
As he views Ukraine as a Russian colony, the West should not treat Ukraine as though it agreed with him. That means rejecting the idea that Western powers should bypass Ukraine and broker a settlement with Russia.
Unfortunately, many Western leftists have been playing directly into Putin’s hands on this issue. Consider Atlantic Council senior adviser Harlan Ullman, who wrote: “Clemenceau observed that ‘war is too important to be left to the generals.’ In this case, is Ukraine too important to be left to [Ukranian President Volodymyr] Zelensky? The US needs a strategy with an off-ramp to seek an end to the violence and the war.”
Leftists from Noam Chomsky to Jeffrey Sachs — not to mention the many Russia apologists on the right — have adopted similar positions.
After first insisting that Ukraine cannot win a war against Russia, they now imply that it should not win, because that would leave Putin cornered and therefore dangerous.
However, if the West had followed the peaceniks’ advice and not sent arms to Ukraine, that country would now be fully occupied, its subjugation accompanied by far greater atrocities than those found in Bucha, Izium and many other places.
A far better stance has been adopted by the German Green Party, which advocates full support for Ukraine, and also structural reforms to accelerate the transition away from oil and gas, which in turn would steer humanity away from catastrophic climate change.
The rest of the Western left has been on safari, refusing an intervention that would not challenge its established way of life.
Peaceniks argue that Russia needs a victory or concession that could allow it to “save face.”
However, that logic cuts both ways. Following Medvedev and Putin’s nuclear threats, it is Ukraine and the West that can no longer compromise and still save face.
Averted eyes
Recall that Medvedev predicted that the West would refuse to respond militarily to a Russian nuclear strike because it is too cowardly and greedy to do so.
Here, we enter the domain of philosophy, because Putin and Medvedev’s words clearly echo Hegel’s master-slave dialectic. If two self-consciousnesses are engaged in a life-or-death struggle, there can be no winner, because one will die and the victor will no longer have another self-consciousness around who can recognize its own self-consciousness.
The entire history of human culture rests on the original compromise by which someone becomes the servant that “averts its eyes” to prevent mutual assured destruction.
Medvedev and Putin presume that the decadent, hedonist West would avert its eyes.
That brings us back to the dynamic captured in Sarajevo Safari. Privileged elites feel as though they can intervene in the real world in strategic ways that entail no personal danger.
However, reality catches up with everyone eventually. When it does, the advice of those concerned only with not provoking the beast in the valley must not be heeded.
Slavoj Zizek, professor of philosophy at the European Graduate School, is international director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities at the University of London.
Copyright: Project Syndicate
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