Sun, May 02, 2010 page12

• Cairo’s garbage collectors missing their little helpers

  When Cairo hired foreign companies to modernize garbage collection they floundered and found themselves hiring the Wahiya, Bedouin migrants who have traditionally controlled the garbage trade

  • By Samer al-Atrush / AFP
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  Children stop their game of marbles and scatter as garbage-laden trucks trundle up their street, swarming with flies and grinding dead vermin beneath their wheels.

  The sight — and smell — is all too familiar in Zarayib, meaning “the sties,” a shanty-town in northeast Cairo where the zabaleen make their living by sifting through garbage in search of anything recyclable.

  Before the Egyptian authorities a year ago ordered a total pig cull in the face of the outbreak of swine flu, the animals would do a lot of the messier work for the zabaleen, as Egyptians plying the garbage trade are known.

  

  A garbage collector works in the impoverished al-Zabbalin area in the al-Mukatam neighborhood of Cairo on April 20.

  PHOTO: AFP

  Without the pigs, the women of Zarayib are now forced daily to sit atop mounds of detritus in the slum’s alleyways, sorting rotting food from plastics and glass.

  The government said the cull of pigs, estimated in the tens of thousands, was a precaution against swine flu. The mostly Coptic Christian slum dwellers resisted, but eventually surrendered. Without the pigs, however, the job is nowhere near as efficient and the scavengers are now forced to leave the organic waste in stinking mounds around Cairo or dump it in landfills.

  The pig sties stand largely empty, though some now house goats or buffalo. The few remaining pigs — estimated at no more than 100 — are kept hidden from official view and are jealously guarded.

  Pigs are considered filthy by the country’s Muslim majority and Islam forbids the eating of pork.

  Officials have conceded that they had long wanted to get rid of the swine, whose sties were separated from the zabaleens’ homes only by red brick walls. The outbreak of swine flu gave them an excuse to order the slaughter.

  “If Muslims got swine flu before the pigs were culled, it would have ignited a sectarian crisis,” said Meqadis Shehata, one of the more prosperous garbage collectors. “They would have set this neighborhood alight.”

  At the time, the WHO said the drastic cull was unjustified.

  When swine flu finally hit, it ironically broke out in Cairo’s affluent neighborhoods, spread by travelers, well-off Egyptians and Western students.

  Anger at what the slum dwellers saw as official callousness still hangs in the air. The pigs, as well as waste disposal units, were also a much-needed source of income in the neighborhood.

  Twice a year, the animals were butchered at a slaughter house and their meat sold to Christians in shops around Cairo.

  Income from the sale of pork, meager though it was, helped finance marriages and put some children through school.

  The cull, however, has disrupted schooling for many children whose parents now send them to the city to scavenge, said Laila Zaglul, who runs a school funded by US consumer products giant Procter and Gamble that enrolls children of garbage collectors.

  Her school offers flexible schedules for the children who work in the city during the morning. The children in turn bring in plastic for recycling.

  “In the past two months, we’ve had 35 new pupils. A lot of women are coming here asking to place their children,” she said at the one-room school.

  Pupils seated around a table for a maths lesson struggled with their abacuses. They all said they wanted to be soccer players when they grew up, taking their cue from Mina.

  “I don’t want to work as a garbage collector, but I’ll do it, if that’s the opportunity,” the lively 14-year-old said.

  Their fathers and grandfathers were collectors of garbage. Their great grandfathers migrated from the rural south to Cairo and struck up ties with the Wahiya, Bedouin migrants who controlled the garbage trade, a relationship that lasts to this day.

  The Wahiya established companies with municipal contracts and hired the zabaleen, the garbage collectors, to do the dirty work.

  This grudging symbiosis continued until the last decade, when Cairo — whose 18 million residents make it one of the most densely populated cities in the world — hired foreign companies to modernize garbage collection.

  As the zabaleen and Wahiya tell it, the foreign firms floundered amid the Cairene’s custom of leaving their bags of garbage outside their houses or apartment blocks for the zabaleen to pick up.

  Even some of the modern plastic garbage containers the firms left on the streets ended up in the slum’s shredders, the zabaleen said.

  “The foreign companies have the prestige and the uniforms, but they do not have the Egyptian experience,” Shehata said.

  The companies, two from Spain and one from Italy, found themselves contracting the Wahiya, many of whom did not have their own labor force.

  So they in turn hired the zabaleen, who now want to cut out the middlemen and make contracts of their own directly with the municipality, but they have no leverage and despite being paid only nominal wages, they simply can’t afford to turn down the work they are offered by the Wahiya — let alone go on strike.

  “The zabaleen can’t strike. The Wahiya know that,” said Ezzat Naim, a social worker with the Spirit of Youth group that runs social services in the neighborhood.

  Naim says, however, that situation may be changing. Last year’s cull drew attention to the zabaleen’s plight and Naim’s organization recently received US$1 million from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to help the garbage collectors start their own licensed businesses.

  Naim has other aspirations — he wants to unionize the garbage collectors, who having been deprived of their pigs, now only ask for respect.

  The authorities and the residents of Cairo “have stigmatized us and marginalized us,” he said. “That is the shame. We are the ones helping you.”
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