The arranged marriage of UBS Group AG and Credit Suisse Group AG would create the biggest bank Switzerland has ever seen, with some wondering if the superbank might be too big for its own good.
The deal struck late on Sunday prevented the collapse of the country’s second-biggest lender by folding it into the largest.
Even before last week’s dramatic events, the two firms were already among the 30 around the world deemed of strategic importance to the global banking system and therefore too big to fail.
Photo: Bloomberg
Some in business, industry and politics are not convinced that one even bigger bank would turn out for the better.
“Credit Suisse was really the bank of the economy and industry,” said Philippe Cordonier, managing director of Swissmem, the Swiss national association representing the engineering industry.
For exporting companies, Credit Suisse offered a range of services essential for international transactions, “payments abroad, credits, leasing or currency hedging,” he said.
“This is where the question arises of what skills will be kept,” Cordonier said, adding that the profiles of the two banks, although close, are not identical.
So far, many questions remain unanswered.
Such a takeover would normally need months of negotiations, but UBS only had a couple of days, under some serious arm-twisting by Swiss authorities.
UBS chief executive officer Ralph Hamers told an analysts’ conference that he did not yet have all the details of the takeover.
Cordonier said the alternative could be to turn from the national banks to Switzerland’s 26 cantonal banks.
However, many do not have the skills to help companies export to far-off markets such as Asia, and would have to develop them.
The other option is to turn to foreign banks, although they would not possess “in-depth knowledge” of the Swiss market, Cordonier said.
“If there is only one major bank that has the capacity to work abroad, this will restrict the choice of solutions for companies,” he said, adding that he is also concerned about the repercussions on costs “if there is less competition.”
Founded in 1856 by Alfred Escher, a central figure in developing Switzerland’s railways, Credit Suisse was closely linked to the country’s economic development.
The bank financed the expansion of the rail network, the construction of the Gotthard Tunnel beneath the main ridge of the Alps, and the start-up of Swiss companies that went on to become leaders in their sector.
“Twenty-five years ago, there were four big Swiss banks,” said the Swiss Federation of Companies, which represents small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
The banking sector has already seen major convergence in 1998 when Swiss Bank Corp merged with the Union Bank of Switzerland to form the modern UBS.
“The concentration into a smaller number of banks reduces competition and makes it more difficult to obtain good financing conditions for SMEs,” the federation said in a statement.
The orchestrated takeover has also triggered virulent criticism among Swiss political circles, of all stripes.
Politicians have called for the further tightening of regulations — which are already strict in Switzerland — in the face of this new giant, which would dominate the nation’s banking sector.
A partial nationalization could “at least” have been considered, the Berner Zeitung daily quoted University of Zurich economic history professor Tobias Straumann as saying.
Carlo Lombardini, a lawyer and professor of banking law at the University of Lausanne, said the UBS takeover “was surely the only swift and feasible solution.”
However, he would have preferred another outcome, such as a takeover “by a foreign bank,” he said. “But a large foreign group doesn’t do acquisitions in a weekend.”
The other solution would have been to nationalize Credit Suisse “to enhance the good bank” and consolidate the poor assets into a “bad bank” to be liquidated, he said.
However, it is too late for such what-ifs, Lombardini said.
“It’s like wondering what would have happened if Napoleon had not lost at Waterloo,” he said, referring to the French emperor’s loss in the 1815 Battle of Waterloo in modern-day Belgium. “The real problem is we are going to have an even more too-big-to-fail bank.”
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