China is investing billions in Europe’s video game industry, but analysts have warned that there could be trouble along the road unless regulators start to take stricter notice.
Europe is embroiled in long-running disputes with Beijing over trade, environment, education, raw materials and intellectual property — but so far video games are not part of the fight.
As Beijing tightens up on the video game industry at home, China’s tech giants are looking to make investments overseas — prompting concerns ranging from data security to limits on creative freedom.
Photo: EPA-EFE
“Europe has this idea that we will be able to separate strategic industries from non-strategic industries,” Antonia Hmaidi from the Mercator Institute think-tank told reporters. “Video games for most policymakers will always go into the non-strategic pile.”
This has helped Tencent Holdings Ltd (騰訊), the world’s largest games company by revenue, to buy into studios across Europe — including the then world-record US$8.6 billion deal for Finnish firm Supercell Oy in 2016.
Chinese rival NetEase Inc (網易) made its biggest foray into foreign gaming studios in August, snaffling French firm Quantic Dream SA — just days before Tencent upped its stake in Ubisoft SA, another French studio.
EU regulators only look at major investments with a pan-European dimension and national regulators have shown no interest.
When Tencent bought British studio Sumo Group Ltd for US$1.3 billion last year, the deal was scrutinized not by UK regulators, but by their US counterparts.
Chinese firms are increasingly seeking profits abroad, analysts say, because of stifling restrictions in their home market.
The Chinese government has identified video games as a potential threat not only to state power, but also to the well-being of citizens. Beijing introduced a nine-month ban on approval of new video games last year and now approves only a fraction of the number it once allowed onto the market.
Game makers have had to scrub “politically harmful” content and the state has tightly restricted the time youngsters can spend gaming.
“Chinese companies in general are looking further afield given the climate of the domestic market,” said Louise Shorthouse of Ampere Analysis Ltd.
Several reports have suggested that Tencent is preparing to ramp up its overseas investments and could even begin to take control of smaller firms.
Tencent is essentially “sitting on a load of cash,” said Kevin Shimota, a former marketing manager at the company and author of th book The First Superapp.
“The Chinese market is cold right now, so in terms of Tencent’s global strategy you’d expect it to be more aggressive,” he said.
However, he said that the aim was unlikely to be direct takeovers or deeper control of foreign companies, rather Tencent might look at ways of developing games for audiences outside of China.
Tencent is ubiquitous in China, an empire of games, social media and payment services largely funneled through its WeChat app, which boasts more than 1 billion monthly users. Its leader, Pony Ma (馬化騰), has worked hard to keep himself out of the limelight — and out of Beijing’s firing line. The company is determined to present a humble face to the world.
“Whether we are a minority investor or a majority shareholder, we do not exercise creative, editorial, management, or day-to-day control,” Tencent told reporters in a statement.
Tencent’s business model has generally been to buy into foreign firms and publish their games for the Chinese market.
As those foreign companies were unlikely to find any other way into China, they welcomed the investment and new revenue streams. NetEase is following the same model.
A blog from Quantic Dream announcing the takeover said that the French firm would maintain control over the “editorial line, the artistic direction of our projects and the management of the studio.”
NetEase did not respond to a request for comment.
Hmaidi said the hands-off approach was fine when business was booming — but the effects of an economic downturn or political upheaval were impossible to predict.
European regulators, she said, could benefit from a broader approach that questioned whether a single country — China or any other nation — should be allowed to dominate an entire industry.
"Having a sector dependent on China just in general is bad at the moment," she said.
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