For most people World War II is a distant memory or relived through books or television.
But for the British Treasury, the war only ended yesterday.
British officials will, at the push of a button, make two electronic transfers of so-called "war loan" across the Atlantic, marking the end of a chapter of British history that began in 1945.
The final payments of the loans, to the US and Canada, are not negligible -- US$83.25 million and US$22.7 million respectively.
In 1945 Britain borrowed US$4.34 billion from the US consisting of a US$3.75 billion line of credit and a "lend-lease" loan facility of US$586 million.
The following year the government agreed to a US$1.185 billion line of credit loan from Canada.
The money was primarily meant to assist in the reconstruction of Britain's exhausted economy and shattered infrastructure after the war.
But the lend-lease loan related to wartime supplies already in transit from the US under president Franklin Roosevelt's program of the same name, which began in 1941 and ended in 1945.
Roosevelt famously said the scheme was like lending a neighbor a hosepipe to put out a fire.
It marked a significant step away from the US' post-first world war isolationism.
Under lend-lease, shipments of US$31 billion worth of supplies vital to Britain's war effort, including thousands of trucks and transport aircraft, were made free of charge by the US.
After the program ended, goods already in transit were charged for, but at a huge discount.
Shipments were also made to other countries.
By the end of the war, for example, two thirds of the trucks used by the Soviet Red Army were from the US.
Repayments on the loans began in 1950.
Since then Britain has paid 50 installments worth US$7.5 billion to the US and US$2 billion to Canada at a 2 percent rate of interest.
British Economic Secretary Ed Balls, said: "This week we finally honor in full our commitments to the US and Canada for the support they gave us 60 years ago. It was vital support which helped Britain defeat Nazi Germany and secure peace and prosperity in the post-war period. We honor our commitments to them now as they honored their commitments to us all those years ago."
Successive British governments have never in the duration of the loans lobbied to have them reduced or canceled, and have always insisted it is right to meet the commitments it made in return for the financial support given by the US and Canada before and after the war.
The government deferred six annual installments in 1956, 1957, 1964, 1965, 1968 and 1976, on the grounds that international exchange rate conditions and the UK's foreign currency reserves made payments in those years impractical.
The option for the British government to defer payments was set out in the terms of the original loan agreements.
In 1950, Britain's national debt stood at about 200 percent of gross domestic product, much higher than today's figure of 36.8 percent.
Right-wing political scientist Laura Fernandez on Sunday won Costa Rica’s presidential election by a landslide, after promising to crack down on rising violence linked to the cocaine trade. Fernandez’s nearest rival, economist Alvaro Ramos, conceded defeat as results showed the ruling party far exceeding the threshold of 40 percent needed to avoid a runoff. With 94 percent of polling stations counted, the political heir of outgoing Costa Rican President Rodrigo Chaves had captured 48.3 percent of the vote compared with Ramos’ 33.4 percent, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal said. As soon as the first results were announced, members of Fernandez’s Sovereign People’s Party
EMERGING FIELDS: The Chinese president said that the two countries would explore cooperation in green technology, the digital economy and artificial intelligence Chinese President Xi Jinping (習近平) yesterday called for an “equal and orderly multipolar world” in the face of “unilateral bullying,” in an apparent jab at the US. Xi was speaking during talks in Beijing with Uruguayan President Yamandu Orsi, the first South American leader to visit China since US special forces captured then-Venezuelan president Nicolas Maduro last month — an operation that Beijing condemned as a violation of sovereignty. Orsi follows a slew of leaders to have visited China seeking to boost ties with the world’s second-largest economy to hedge against US President Donald Trump’s increasingly unpredictable administration. “The international situation is fraught
MORE RESPONSIBILITY: Draftees would be expected to fight alongside professional soldiers, likely requiring the transformation of some training brigades into combat units The armed forces are to start incorporating new conscripts into combined arms brigades this year to enhance combat readiness, the Executive Yuan’s latest policy report said. The new policy would affect Taiwanese men entering the military for their compulsory service, which was extended to one year under reforms by then-president Tsai Ing-wen (蔡英文) in 2022. The conscripts would be trained to operate machine guns, uncrewed aerial vehicles, anti-tank guided missile launchers and Stinger air defense systems, the report said, adding that the basic training would be lengthened to eight weeks. After basic training, conscripts would be sorted into infantry battalions that would take
GROWING AMBITIONS: The scale and tempo of the operations show that the Strait has become the core theater for China to expand its security interests, the report said Chinese military aircraft incursions around Taiwan have surged nearly 15-fold over the past five years, according to a report released yesterday by the Democratic Progressive Party’s (DPP) Department of China Affairs. Sorties in the Taiwan Strait were previously irregular, totaling 380 in 2020, but have since evolved into routine operations, the report showed. “This demonstrates that the Taiwan Strait has become both the starting point and testing ground for Beijing’s expansionist ambitions,” it said. Driven by military expansionism, China is systematically pursuing actions aimed at altering the regional “status quo,” the department said, adding that Taiwan represents the most critical link in China’s