Climate change has caused severe harm to human health since the year 2000 by stoking more heat waves, the spread of some mosquito-borne diseases and undernutrition as crops fail, scientists said yesterday.
Scant action to slow global warming over the past 25 years has jeopardized “human life and livelihoods,” they wrote in a report published in The Lancet, a British medical journal.
“The human symptoms of climate change are unequivocal and potentially irreversible,” said the report, Lancet Countdown, drawn up by 24 groups, including universities, the World Bank and the WHO.
Many governments are now trying to cut their greenhouse gas emissions under the 2015 Paris climate agreement, though US President Donald Trump has weakened the pact by saying the US, the world’s second-largest greenhouse gas polluter after China, would pull out.
“This [report] is a huge wake-up call,” said Christiana Figueres, chair of Lancet Countdown’s high-level advisory board and the UN climate chief at the Paris summit. “The impacts of climate change are here and now.”
Among its findings, the report said an additional 125 million vulnerable people had been exposed to heat waves each year from 2000 to last year, with the elderly especially at risk.
Labor productivity among farm workers fell by 5.3 percent since the year 2000, mainly because sweltering conditions sapped the strength of workers in nations from India to Brazil.
The report, based on 40 indicators of climate and health, said climate change seemed to be making it easier for mosquitoes to spread dengue fever, which infects up to 100 million people a year.
The number of undernourished people in 30 nations across Africa and Asia rose to 422 million last year from 398 million in 1990, it said.
“Undernutrition is identified as the largest health impact of climate change in the 21st century,” the report added.
However, despite the overall gloom, Anthony Costello, a director at the WHO and joint chair of the Lancet Countdown study, said there were “significant glimmers of hope” in the situation.
The number of weather-related disasters, such as hurricanes and floods, rose 46 percent since 2000, but the number of deaths remained stable, suggesting that societies were improving protection measures against environmental catastrophes.
Almost 200 nations are to meet in Bonn, Germany, from Monday next week to Nov. 17 to work on a “rule book” for the Paris climate agreement for shifting from fossil fuels.
The Lancet Countdown study did not estimate the total number of deaths from climate change. The WHO has previously estimated there could be 250,000 extra deaths a year between 2030 and 2050 because of climate change.
Lancet Countdown executive director Nick Watts said there could be a few benefits from warmer temperatures, such as fewer deaths from winter cold in nations from Russia to Canada.
“But those numbers are ... almost negligible,” he said compared with the overall harm from global warming.
The study also said that the air in 87 percent of all cities, home to billions of people, exceeded pollution guidelines set by the WHO.
Fossil fuels release both toxins and heat-trapping carbon dioxide when burnt.
Stockholm Resilience Centre director Johan Rockstrom, who was not involved in the study, said the report could bolster efforts to limit pollution in cities from Beijing to Mexico City.
“Air pollution is in a way an old issue, but it’s potentially coming to the forefront again as the most rapid vehicle to get action on climate change,” Rockstrom said, referring to decades of efforts to limit smog.
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