International judges handed down long prison sentences to five senior political, military and police officials in the government of the late Serbian strongman Slobodan Milosevic for their roles in the 1999 war in Kosovo. But the court acquitted Milan Milutinovic, the wartime Serbian president, who had the highest rank of the men on trial but who was effectively a figurehead.
The trial held special significance as the closest that an international criminal court was likely to come to judging the actions of the Milosevic government in Kosovo, a breakaway Serbian province. Milosevic died in 2006 before the end of his own trial before the same court, the UN War Crimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague.
The Kosovo war pitted Serbian forces against an ethnic Albanian separatist guerrilla group and led to a nearly three-month bombing campaign by NATO in 1999 aimed at stopping the conflict.
NATO called it a humanitarian intervention. Its airstrikes, which drew both support and criticism, stopped after Serbian forces agreed to withdraw from Kosovo.
NATO’s bombing campaign was criticized by some Western lawyers and Russian politicians, who subsequently demanded that the tribunal charge NATO with war crimes as well. They said roughly 300 Serbs were killed by NATO bombs in such episodes as the bombing of a bridge as a passenger train was crossing, an attack on a refugee convoy and a strike against a Serbian television building in Belgrade.
NATO spokesmen at the time said that NATO officers had gone to great lengths to minimize civilian deaths, and Carla Del Ponte, the tribunal prosecutor, said that there was no evidence of a systematic attack on civilians by NATO.
Serbia has long argued that civilians in Kosovo were fleeing the bombing, not the atrocities that the men on trial in The Hague stood accused of ordering. But Judge Ian Bonomy, the Scottish jurist who read the summary, said that “none of the witnesses cited NATO bombing” as a reason for their flight.
In addition to endorsing NATO’s assertion that the refugees fled Serbian forces, the panel of judges came close to a guilty verdict for Milosevic.
Citing their reasons for acquitting Milutinovic, the judges said that in practice “it was Milosevic, sometimes termed the supreme commander, who exercised actual command authority” over Serbian troops and security police officers in 1999.
The judges convicted the five others for their roles in “a broad campaign of violence directed against the Kosovo Albanian population,” which at the time made up 90 percent of Kosovo.
They said Serbia had initiated a state-organized campaign to keep control over Kosovo through deporting or forcibly transferring a large part of the population of about 2 million.
At least 700,000 ethnic Albanians were expelled across the borders into Albania and other neighboring countries, and many were mistreated, killed, robbed, raped or had their houses burned and their identity papers confiscated, the court summary said.
Nikola Sainovic, the former Yugoslav deputy prime minister and “one of the closest and most trusted Milosevic associates,” according to the court, was sentenced to 22 years in prison.
A former army general, Nebojsa Pavkovic, and the former chief of the Serbian security police, General Sreten Lukic, were also given 22-year sentences. All three were found guilty of deportation, forcible transfer, murder and persecution.
Two other former generals, Dragoljub Ojdanic and Vladimir Lazarevic, were given 15-year prison terms for deportation and forcible transfer.
Any decision of the tribunal can be appealed, and a spokeswoman for the prosecution, Olga Kavran, said that prosecutors would study the lengthy judgment before deciding whether to accept the verdicts. The judges read out an hour-long summary on Thursday, but their ruling is more than a thousand pages long and occupies four tomes.
Lawyers who have followed the trial said they were surprised at the acquittal of Milutinovic, who attended meetings of the wartime Supreme Defense Council and was informed of government actions.
But the judges said that Milutinovic had no authority over the armed forces and that although in theory he had oversight of the Serbian security police, he had no effective control.
Four people jailed in the landmark Hong Kong national security trial of "47 democrats" accused of conspiracy to commit subversion were freed today after more than four years behind bars, the second group to be released in a month. Among those freed was long-time political and LGBTQ activist Jimmy Sham (岑子杰), who also led one of Hong Kong’s largest pro-democracy groups, the Civil Human Rights Front, which disbanded in 2021. "Let me spend some time with my family," Sham said after arriving at his home in the Kowloon district of Jordan. "I don’t know how to plan ahead because, to me, it feels
Poland is set to hold a presidential runoff election today between two candidates offering starkly different visions for the country’s future. The winner would succeed Polish President Andrzej Duda, a conservative who is finishing his second and final term. The outcome would determine whether Poland embraces a nationalist populist trajectory or pivots more fully toward liberal, pro-European policies. An exit poll by Ipsos would be released when polls close today at 9pm local time, with a margin of error of plus or minus 2 percentage points. Final results are expected tomorrow. Whoever wins can be expected to either help or hinder the
The collapse of the Swiss Birch glacier serves as a chilling warning of the escalating dangers faced by communities worldwide living under the shadow of fragile ice, particularly in Asia, experts said. Footage of the collapse on Wednesday showed a huge cloud of ice and rubble hurtling down the mountainside into the hamlet of Blatten. Swiss Development Cooperation disaster risk reduction adviser Ali Neumann said that while the role of climate change in the case of Blatten “still needs to be investigated,” the wider impacts were clear on the cryosphere — the part of the world covered by frozen water. “Climate change and
DENIAL: Musk said that the ‘New York Times was lying their ass off,’ after it reported he used so much drugs that he developed bladder problems Elon Musk on Saturday denied a report that he used ketamine and other drugs extensively last year on the US presidential campaign trail. The New York Times on Friday reported that the billionaire adviser to US President Donald Trump used so much ketamine, a powerful anesthetic, that he developed bladder problems. The newspaper said the world’s richest person also took ecstasy and mushrooms, and traveled with a pill box last year, adding that it was not known whether Musk also took drugs while heading the so-called US Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) after Trump took power in January. In a
RSS