Today, everybody knows that we have to brush our teeth. But not too long ago, that was a new idea.
The first toothbrushes weren't made of plastic like the toothbrushes today are. Back in the 1800s, they were made of animal bones and hair. As you might imagine, they didn't work very well. In 1938, an American company made the first plastic toothbrush.
People started using floss a long time before they started brushing their teeth. Scientists have found teeth from humans who lived thousands of years ago that show that some of them flossed their teeth.
PHOTO : AP
As for toothpaste, people have made it out of all kinds of different ingredients throughout history. In America in the 1700s, some people made toothpaste out of bread, and in the 1800s they made it out of charcoal! (Marc Langer, staff writer)
現今，人人都知道要刷牙。不過這可是個在不久之前才出現的新點子。
世上第一隻牙刷並非像今日的牙刷一樣是由塑膠製成的。回溯至十九世紀，牙刷是用動物骨骸與毛髮製成的。你可以想像，它們並不是很好用。一九三八年，美國一家公司率先推出世界上第一隻塑膠牙刷。
早在人們開始刷牙前，就已使用牙線。科學家由數千年前人類的牙齒發現，有些人用牙線剔牙。
至於牙膏，縱觀古今歷史，人們曾使用五花八門的材料來製造牙膏。十八世紀時，有些美國人利用麵包來製造牙膏，而在十九世紀，人們則是用木炭來製造牙膏。
（翻譯：賴美君）
Historians are rethinking the way the Holocaust is being presented in museums as the world marks the 80th anniversary of the liberation of the last Nazi concentration camps this month. Shocking images of the mass killings of Jews were “used massively at the end of World War II to show the violence of the Nazis,” historian Tal Bruttmann, a specialist on the Holocaust, told AFP. But in doing so “we kind of lost sight of the fact that is not normal to show” such graphic scenes of mass murder, of people being humiliated and dehumanized, he said. Up to this
When people listen to music today, they typically use streaming services like YouTube or Spotify. However, traditional formats like vinyl records have regained popularity in recent times. Vinyl records are circular discs that store music in grooves on their surfaces and are played on a turntable. As the turntable’s needle runs along these grooves, it picks up vibrations and translates them into sound. The history of vinyl records dates back to the late 1800s, but material and technological challenges delayed mass production until the 1950s. Despite early versions having short playtimes and poor sound quality, vinyl records introduced a new era
Dos & Don’ts — 想想看，這句話英語該怎麼說？ 1. 能做的事都做了。 ˇ All that could be done has been done. χ All that could be done have been done. 註︰all 指事情或抽象概念時當作單數。例如： All is well that ends well. （結果好就是好。） All is over with him. （他已經沒希望了。） That’s all for today. （今天到此為止。） all 指人時應當作複數。例如： All of us are interested in his proposal. All of us are doing our best. 2. 我們這麼做有益於我們的健康。 ˇ What we are doing is good for our health. χ What we are doing are good for our health. 註︰以關係代名詞 what 引導的作為主詞的子句，動詞用單數。如： What he said is true. 3. 大家都沿著步道跑。 ˇ Everybody runs along the trail. χ Everybody run along the trail. 註︰everyone 是指一大群人，但在文法上一般用單數。 4. 桌上有一本筆記本和兩支筆。 ˇ There were two
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