March 14 was the International Day of Action for Rivers, having been declared as such in 1997 by anti-dam and environmental concern groups from dozens of countries, including Taiwan. Dams have a profound effect on ecosystems, and when they are built in geologically unstable areas, there is a danger that they may collapse and cause disastrous floods downstream. Indeed, such disasters have frequently occurred in the past. This is why the construction of dams must be approached with great caution in Taiwan, where the ecology and geology are both very fragile.
Following Typhoon Morakot last August, the bed of the Laonong River (荖濃溪) in southern Taiwan rose in some places by more than 23m, and the cross-watershed transfer project built to supply water to the Zengwen Reservoir (曾文水庫) in Taipei County was almost completely ruined. That was followed on March 4 by the Jiasian earthquake, after which environmentalist groups found that the transfer conduit tunnel was crossed by four geological faults, presenting the danger of collapse in case of a powerful earthquake.
As a result of multiple typhoons and earthquakes, Taiwan’s reservoirs are silting up faster than they can be cleared. Information published by the Water Resources Agency shows that the Zengwen Reservoir is so silted up that its capacity is just 37 percent.
These examples, along with the demands of river ecology and the impact on the national treasury, show why there needs to be a rethink about reservoir construction in this country. The government, however, appears not to have noticed, since it is now thinking of building even more reservoirs in places such as Pingsi (平溪) in Taipei County and Hsinchu County’s Bilin (比麟) and Gaotai (高台).
The most common response when environmentalists speak out against dam construction is: “If we don’t build dams, where will we get our water from?”
Despite the limitations posed by Taiwan’s natural conditions, there are many other ways to ensure sufficient water supply. These include protecting mountain forests that conserve water, more frugal water use and reducing leakage. There are also alternative sources that can be tapped. We should confront the water crisis by learning from the standards applied in arid countries, such as developing seawater desalinization and technologies that reuse and recycle water. There is scope for extending groundwater replenishment and building relatively low-cost and low-risk underground and riverbed wells. These are all options worthy of consideration.
The nearly century-old Erfeng Ditch (二峰圳) is a riverbed filtration system built in Pingtung County during the Japanese colonial period. The cost of its construction, when calculated at today’s rates, was only about 1 percent of the cost of building the Meinong (美濃) Reservoir and associated cross-watershed transfer project, but the Erfeng Ditch still provides 100,000 tonnes of clean water per day. It was water reclaimed and purified by the Dashu (大樹) sewage treatment facility that ensured an adequate supply for everyday use in the Kaohsiung region after Morakot.
Taiwan ranks 18th among nations most lacking in water, yet 24.6 percent of our water is lost through leakage from pipes, and we have the second-highest consumption of water per person in the world. Clearly, there is much scope for water-saving efforts. Reservoirs have irreversible effects on mountain, forest and river ecosystems. From both engineering and management points of view, governments should first employ water-saving measures and alternative sources such as those described above, while reservoirs should be the last option on the list.
Tien Chiu-chin is a Democratic Progressive Party legislator.
TRANSLATED BY JULIAN CLEGG
A gap appears to be emerging between Washington’s foreign policy elites and the broader American public on how the United States should respond to China’s rise. From my vantage working at a think tank in Washington, DC, and through regular travel around the United States, I increasingly experience two distinct discussions. This divergence — between America’s elite hawkishness and public caution — may become one of the least appreciated and most consequential external factors influencing Taiwan’s security environment in the years ahead. Within the American policy community, the dominant view of China has grown unmistakably tough. Many members of Congress, as
The Hong Kong government on Monday gazetted sweeping amendments to the implementation rules of Article 43 of its National Security Law. There was no legislative debate, no public consultation and no transition period. By the time the ink dried on the gazette, the new powers were already in force. This move effectively bypassed Hong Kong’s Legislative Council. The rules were enacted by the Hong Kong chief executive, in conjunction with the Committee for Safeguarding National Security — a body shielded from judicial review and accountable only to Beijing. What is presented as “procedural refinement” is, in substance, a shift away from
The shifting geopolitical tectonic plates of this year have placed Beijing in a profound strategic dilemma. As Chinese President Xi Jinping (習近平) prepares for a high-stakes summit with US President Donald Trump, the traditional power dynamics of the China-Japan-US triangle have been destabilized by the diplomatic success of Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi in Washington. For the Chinese leadership, the anxiety is two-fold: There is a visceral fear of being encircled by a hardened security alliance, and a secondary risk of being left in a vulnerable position by a transactional deal between Washington and Tokyo that might inadvertently empower Japan
After declaring Iran’s military “gone,” US President Donald Trump appealed to the UK, France, Japan and South Korea — as well as China, Iran’s strategic partner — to send minesweepers and naval forces to reopen the Strait of Hormuz. When allies balked, the request turned into a warning: NATO would face “a very bad” future if it refused. The prevailing wisdom is that Trump faces a credibility problem: having spent years insulting allies, he finds they would not rally when he needs them. That is true, but superficial, as though a structural collapse could be caused by wounded feelings. Something
RSS