On a quiet patch of land apparently devoid of inhabitants, Krasimir Kostov’s farm is silently booming as more than 1 million snails, hiding from the sun under planks of wood, munch their way to market.
“Indeed, you cannot tell … there is a farm here. But snails do not moo,” the suntanned breeder said.
Businesses may shut by the day across Europe and Bulgarian agriculture has been declining for 20 years, but snails — a delicacy particularly popular in France and Italy — have become a dynamic niche for the EU’s poorest country.
September is harvest season and demand is outstripping supply for escargots, as the French call them (ohlyuvi in Bulgarian). The country has seized the chance to reinforce a position exporting luxury foods that are rarely consumed at home.
After France, the Balkan country is Europe’s second-largest producer of foie gras, building on duck-liver traditions dating back to the communist era.
Between 800 tonnes and 900 tonnes of snails and snail products — six times more than last year — will be exported from Bulgaria this year to please the palates of aficionados, mostly in France.
“The market is immense,” said Kostov, 45, whose farm in northern Bulgaria primarily specializes in supplying baby snails for breeding to other farms. He pulled a face when asked if he liked their flavor.
“We had quite a few orders this year, but we could not fulfill them all because our incubator is not large enough,” he said.
He will save some 60,000 snails of the Mediterranean Helix aspersa genus — one of the three major edible species — to become breeders. Each will lay about 150 eggs. The rest — about 10 tonnes or the equivalent of about 470,000 snails — will be exported.
So voracious are appetites that about 300 new farms are set to open in Bulgaria next year to add to the 50 now in operation, says the National Snail Breeding Cluster, which backs exports.
“This year we have orders from France, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands,” said Simona Mollova, consultant at the cluster.
Orders were likely to reach 1 billion baby snails this year, she said, citing demand also from Japan for fattened escargots and from Dubai for the new, orange, carotene snail.
“We have a great number of clients, but at this stage we cannot meet demand in any way,” Mollova said.
Funding from the EU, which Bulgaria joined in 2007, has also helped aid the snail business. Breeders are eligible to apply for some of the 3.2 billion euros (US$4.7 billion) promised to Sofia to 2013 under a development program.
French appetites for the gastropods — treated as exquisite delicacies since the Roman era — have withstood changing times and tastes.
“The snail market is a very traditional and stable market and ... big changes should not be expected,” said Pierre Commere, Secretary General of ADEPALE, the French association of food processing companies.
The tradition is stronger than the financial crisis, he said: Anyone who wants to make a savory treat for Christmas would try to afford snails.
A jar of snails with sauce weighing 0.4kg costs 50 euros, while high-quality gourmet packs fetch between 55 euros and 235 euros. By contrast, a kilo of the live snails Bulgaria breeds ranges from 2.5 euros to 4 euros.
France and Italy, Europe’s largest consumers, devour between 25,000 tonnes and 36,000 tonnes of snails annually, but with the population of the prized Helix pomatia in decline in the west, the industry relies mostly on east European imports.
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