India has put a plan to open up its retail industry to foreign supermarkets on hold, a senior government source said yesterday, an embarrassing turnaround for a beleaguered government fighting to retain the support of key allies.
The move to allow global giants such as Wal-Mart into India’s US$450 billion retail market, the first major economic reform since Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s graft-riddled term began in 2009, has been met with fierce opposition from some who say it will destroy the livelihood of millions of small traders.
“This is a pause,” the government source with knowledge of the matter said. “Do not see it as a rollback, as if the government is giving up on it. This is just a small pause.”
The idea appears to be to give the under-fire ruling party time to gain the support of its key coalition allies.
“Parliament needs to get going again. There is so much that the government needs to do,” the source said, a day after the government’s biggest ally said the policy was being sidelined because of disagreement within the ruling coalition.
Any postponement or watering down of the policy would be a huge embarrassment for Singh’s government, which has failed to pass any big-ticket economic reforms as it struggles with allegations of widespread graft.
Singh has lost much of his credibility as the reformer who turned India from near-bankruptcy 20 years ago to an economic wonder, and foreign investors are seen spooked by a growing sense of policy paralysis that Asia’s third-largest economy can ill-afford as once-booming GDP growth begins to temper.
Originally, allowing foreign -direct investment into a retail industry dominated by small shops was trumpeted by Congress as a policy that would help ease high inflation, improve supply-chain infrastructure and create millions of jobs.
The main opposition Bharatiya Janata Party has led protests against the reform in parliament that have paralyzed both chambers every day since the 21-day winter session opened last week.
Mamata Banerjee, the firebrand leader of the Congress party’s biggest ally and a opponent of the policy, said on Saturday the government had told her the plans would be put on hold until a consensus had been reached.
Her West Bengal-based Trinamool Congress brings 19 votes to Singh’s coalition, which relies on allies to hold a wafer-thin majority in New Delhi.
Ruling parties in India’s colorful democracy are often forced to rely on fickle allies, who can use the importance of their votes in the national parliament to negotiate concessions or support for the regions or states they represent.
“This is just Indian politics,” the source said. “Parliament is being stalled by an issue that only a few months ago everyone was in agreement with.”
The controversy comes as the ruling party fights to fend off criticism that it has failed to tackle high prices and maintain high economic growth — and as key state elections loom next year and a general election beckons in 2014.
Possible dilution of the policy could include lowering the 51 percent foreign investment permitted under the current rules, increasing the percentage of products to be sourced locally, or the amount firms must spend on developing infrastructure.
Congress officials were still negotiating with its allies on the issue and said the policy had not been abandoned, local media reported yesterday, citing unnamed sources.
The reform, as it was first presented, would allow global chains like Wal-Mart, Tesco PLC and Carrefour to own up to 51 percent of retail ventures and allow foreign firms to fully own single-brand retail operations.
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