Once banned by rulers dispatched from Moscow, Poland’s stately polonaise dance that nurtured the country’s spirit even through the dark years of its partition is now honored by UNESCO.
This 18th-century dance has been performed from aristocratic balls to village celebrations, inspiring composers the likes of Johann Sebastian Bach and Frederic Chopin. It still figures prominently in big national occasions, pre-graduation balls and weddings.
On Dec. 5, this living tradition was ensconced into the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage as a “form of joint celebration,” which “commemorates important moments in family and community life and symbolizes cooperation, reconciliation and equality.”
Photo: AP
The Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, which petitioned for the dance’s inclusion into UNESCO’s list, said its initiative was met with huge public support.
“Thousands of people on Facebook and on other social media were supporting the [UNESCO] entry,” said Joanna Cicha-Kuczynska of the ministry’s Department of Monuments Protection.
She said there is a huge community, including entire families, that dance the polonaise and pass the tradition on. Performed in pairs, it is led by the first and most prominent pair which improvises various figures, such as raising joined hands to form bridges under which other dancers can pass.
“The most important in the polonaise is that the whole group can jointly dance the choreography, and among the personal features the most important are the dignity of the men and the ethereal nature of the women,” said Marcin Pracki, a dancer at the University of Warsaw’s Warszawianka.
Another Warszawianka dancer, Monika Fiugajska, said the dance’s simplicity is its strength.
“It is a very simple dance, the simplest among our national dances, but at the same time it has an exceptional soul and one can express emotions in it in an exceptional way,” Fiugajska said.
The slow-paced procession dance evolved from a folk form called the “walking dance.” By the 18th century, under the French name of “Polonaise” — or Polish — it was widely danced among European nobility and opened royal balls.
In his 1773 book The Present State of Music in Germany, the Netherlands and United Provinces, British musician Charles Burney described the polonaise as being very popular across Saxony and especially at the court in Dresden where Poland’s elected king Augustus II The Strong had introduced it decades earlier.
Having inspired some of the greatest classical composers, including Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Pyotr Tchaikovsky, the polonaise remains timeless, still opening the Vienna Opera Ball in carnival season.
“Undoubtedly, the polonaise merits being on the UNESCO list of world heritage because it is a dance with not only Polish, but an international tradition; it is a generally recognized ballroom dance,” University of Warsaw musicology professor Szymon Paczkowski said.
Paczkowski said you do not need to be a good dancer to participate — a slightly bent one knee at the right beat suffices.
During Poland’s more than a century of partition by Russia, Prussia and Austria, the polonaise expressed longing for the lost homeland, especially among exiles and emigrees such as Chopin, who had emigrated to Paris. It was banned on territories that Russia took over.
The polonaise has become the opening dance at high school pre-graduation balls. Poland’s post-World War II communist authorities banned it from schools — because of its aristocratic and patriotic connotations — but students revived the tradition by the late 1960s.
Gabrysia Kosmal, 19, was among the students at Warsaw’s Mikolaj Rej high school who performed the polonaise this month.
“It is an exceptional moment, because you know, there happen to be conflicts among classmates, not everyone gets along with everyone, but we immerse in the music, dance together, it is a magical moment,” Kosmal said.
The polonaise is also a staple during national anniversaries, including the Nov. 11 Independence Day celebrations, when people are invited to dance in the streets with officials.
Natalia Bernat, an 18-year-old student who took part in a massive street dance in the central city of Lodz last month, said the polonaise brings people together at a time when the community needs it most and she believes “it’s worth it to cultivate this tradition.”
The leader of the Lodz street dance, Janusz Wielgosz, who donned a historic outfit for the occasion, said the polonaise is about beauty.
“It is a dance that is really very simple, with beautiful music and beautiful costumes. It is worth a try,” he said.
Malaysia yesterday installed a motorcycle-riding billionaire sultan as its new king in lavish ceremonies for a post seen as a ballast in times of political crises. The coronation ceremony for Malaysia’s King Sultan Ibrahim, 65, at the National Palace in Kuala Lumpur followed his oath-taking in January as the country’s 17th monarch. Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy, with a unique arrangement that sees the throne change hands every five years between the rulers of nine Malaysian states headed by centuries-old Islamic royalty. While chiefly ceremonial, the position of king has in the past few years played an increasingly important role. Royal intervention was
X-37B COMPARISON: China’s spaceplane is most likely testing technology, much like US’ vehicle, said Victoria Samson, an official at the Secure World Foundation China’s shadowy, uncrewed reusable spacecraft, which launches atop a rocket booster and lands at a secretive military airfield, is most likely testing technology, but could also be used for manipulating or retrieving satellites, experts said. The spacecraft, on its third mission, was last month observed releasing an object, moving several kilometers away and then maneuvering back to within a few hundred meters of it. “It’s obvious that it has a military application, including, for example, closely inspecting objects of the enemy or disabling them, but it also has non-military applications,” said Marco Langbroek, a lecturer in optical space situational awareness at Delft
The Philippine Air Force must ramp up pilot training if it is to buy 20 or more multirole fighter jets as it modernizes and expands joint operations with its navy, a commander said yesterday. A day earlier US National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan said that the US “will do what is necessary” to see that the Philippines is able to resupply a ship on the Second Thomas Shoal (Renai Shoal, 仁愛暗沙) that Manila uses to reinforce its claims to the atoll. Sullivan said the US would prefer that the Philippines conducts the resupplies of the small crew on the warship Sierra Madre,
AIRLINES RECOVERING: Two-thirds of the flights canceled on Saturday due to the faulty CrowdStrike update that hit 8.5 million devices worldwide occurred in the US As the world continues to recover from massive business and travel disruptions caused by a faulty software update from cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike, malicious actors are trying to exploit the situation for their own gain. Government cybersecurity agencies across the globe and CrowdStrike CEO George Kurtz are warning businesses and individuals around the world about new phishing schemes that involve malicious actors posing as CrowdStrike employees or other tech specialists offering to assist those recovering from the outage. “We know that adversaries and bad actors will try to exploit events like this,” Kurtz said in a statement. “I encourage everyone to remain vigilant