One month since Sudan’s conflict erupted, its capital is a desolate war zone where terrorized families huddle in their homes as gun battles rage in the dusty, deserted streets outside.
Across Khartoum, those still alive remain barricaded, hoping to dodge stray bullets and enduring desperate shortages of food and basic supplies.
There are power blackouts, a lack of cash, communications outages and runaway inflation.
Photo: Reuters
The city of 5 million on the Nile River was long a place of relative stability and wealth, even under decades of sanctions against former Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir.
Now it has become a shell of its former self.
Charred aircraft lie on the airport tarmac, foreign embassies are shuttered, and hospitals, banks, shops and wheat silos have been ransacked by looters.
While the generals fight, what remains of the government has retreated to Port Sudan 850km away, the hub for mass evacuations of Sudanese and foreign citizens.
The battles have killed more than 750 people, according to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project. Thousands more have been wounded and nearly 1 million people displaced, with long refugee convoys headed to Egypt, Ethiopia, Chad and South Sudan. Some food prices have quadrupled, and gasoline sells at 20 times its pre-war price.
Multiple truce deals have been agreed and quickly violated, and hopes are dim for an end to the fighting, which has piled more suffering on the 45 million people of one of the world’s poorest countries.
Both sides “break ceasefires with a regularity that demonstrates a sense of impunity unprecedented even by Sudan’s standards of civil conflict,” said Alex Rondos, the EU’s former special representative to the Horn of Africa.
Sudan has a long history of coups, but hopes had risen after mass pro-democracy protests led to the ouster of al-Bashir in 2019, followed by a shaky transition toward civilian rule.
As Washington and other foreign powers lifted sanctions, Sudan was slowly reintegrating into the international community, before the generals derailed that transition with another coup in 2021.
On April 15, tensions over the integration of paramilitaries into the army exploded into war between army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and his former deputy, Mohamed Hamdan Daglo, who leads the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces.
Despite all the bullets, aerial bombardments and anti-aircraft fire since then, neither side has been able to seize the battlefield advantage.
The army, backed by Egypt, has the theoretical advantage of air power while Daglo is, experts said, supported by the United Arab Emirates and foreign fighters.
He commands troops that stemmed from the notorious Janjaweed militia, accused of atrocities in the Darfur war that began two decades ago.
Russian mercenary group Wagner is not fighting, but has “technical advisers” in Sudan, said Cameron Hudson of the US Center for Strategic and International Studies.
For now, “both sides believe that they can win militarily,” US Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines told a Senate hearing early this month.
The fighting has deepened the humanitarian crisis in Sudan, where one in three people already relied on humanitarian assistance before the war.
Since then, aid agencies have been looted and at least 18 humanitarian workers killed. In six months, up to 19 million people could be food insecure, the UN said.
Across the Red Sea, in the Saudi city of Jeddah, envoys from both sides have been negotiating.
On Thursday last week, they signed a commitment to respect humanitarian principles, including the protection of civilians and, in general terms, a commitment to let in badly needed humanitarian aid.
However, “absent a significant change of mindset from the warring parties, it is hard to see that commitments on paper will be fulfilled,” said Aly Verjee, a Sudan researcher at Sweden’s University of Gothenburg.
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