Fri, May 05, 2023 page7

• NASA’s Artemis moon missions are taking shape

  • AFP, COLORADO SPRINGS, Colorado
  • • 
    • 
    • 

  The next time NASA flies to the moon, it intends to stay.

  Under the Artemis program, the US space agency plans to maintain a human presence, for the very first time, on a celestial body other than Earth.

  However, building a lunar base is no small feat. It would need power generators, vehicles and habitats, and the space industry is racing to meet the technological challenges.

  

  An undated illustration shows solar panels installed on lunar rovers.

  Photo: AFP / ASTROBOTIC / HANDOUT

  “It’s the Super Bowl of engineering,” said Neal Davis, lead systems engineer for the Lunar Terrain Vehicle at space company Dynetics.

  Dynetics revealed its prototype design for a moon rover last month at the Space Symposium in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

  However, it would probably not be until later Artemis missions — 7 onwards — “where we’re starting to look at adding permanent habitations on the surface,” NASA Associate Administrator Jim Free said.

  Artemis 3, the first planned landing, would not happen until later this decade, so habitat building would not start before the 2030s, he said.

  The base would likely comprise multiple sites, as NASA seeks to diversify the targets of scientific exploration and offer more flexibility for the landings, he said.

  Despite this distant timeline, companies are already chomping at the bit.

  “Step zero is communications,” said Joe Landon, CEO of Crescent Space, a new subsidiary of Lockheed Martin dedicated to lunar services. “Think about when you move into a new apartment, you’ve got to hook up your phone and your Internet first.”

  Starting with a pair of satellites, the company wants to become the moon’s Internet and GPS provider.

  This would relieve the strain on NASA’s Deep Space Network, which threatens to overheat in the face of all the upcoming missions, including private ones.

  Landon said the value of the lunar market would be “US$100 billion over the next 10 years.”

  Next up: switching on the lights.

  Astrobotic, with 220 employees, is one of three companies selected by NASA to develop solar panels.

  They need to be placed vertically because at the Moon’s south pole — the intended destination because it has water in the form of ice — the sun barely peeps above the horizon. About 18m high, the Astrobotic panels would be connected by cables running several kilometers, said Mike Provenzano, the company’s director of lunar surface systems.

  The solar arrays would be fixed to vehicles that can run them out to different locations, he said.

  For its scientific expeditions, NASA has tasked industry with developing an unpressurized — that is to say, open top — rover for two people, ready by 2028.

  Unlike the Apollo missions’ rovers, it would also have to operate autonomously for outings without an astronaut.

  This means surviving frigid lunar nights, which can last two weeks, with temperatures dropping to about minus-170°C.

  Many companies have made a start. Lockheed Martin has partnered with General Motors, leaning on the auto giant’s expertise in electric and off-road vehicles.

  Dynetics, a subsidiary of engineering behemoth Leidos, has joined forces with NASCAR.

  Its prototype, which it said would achieve a top speed of 15kph, includes a robotic arm and metal wheels that are braided like textiles to maximize traction on the sandy surface and deal with any rocks they encounter.

  “But at the same time, they actually have a lot of openings to the outside so that they don’t collect that sand and carry it with us,” Davis said.

  Moon dust, or regolith, poses a major challenge because, lacking erosion by water or wind, it is almost as abrasive as glass.

  NASA has yet to announce the selected company or companies.

  In the longer term, NASA is working with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency on a pressurized vehicle, in which astronauts would not need to keep their suits on.

  Finally, the crew would need a place to hang up their helmets and call home.

  NASA has awarded a US$57.2 million contract to Texas-based company Icon, which specializes in 3D printing, to develop the technology needed to build roads and landing strips on the moon, and ultimately, dwellings. The idea is to use lunar soil as a material. Other companies, such as Lockheed Martin, are developing inflatable habitat concepts.

  “The beautiful thing is you can land it on the moon and inflate it and now there’s a much larger volume for the crew to live in and work in,” said Lockheed Martin vice president Kirk Shireman, who oversees the company’s lunar exploration campaign.

  Inside would be bedrooms, a kitchen and a space for scientific instruments, all mounted on a frame, so the habitat can be mobile.

  The basic concept behind returning to the moon under Artemis is to help NASA prepare for much more distant missions to Mars.

  “Whatever money we have to spend to go develop these systems on the moon, we want those same systems to be applicable to go to Mars,” Shireman said.
• Most Popular

  • 1

    LA Dodgers beat Braves to secure 7th straight win

  • 2

    Memes, social media disinformation fuel support for Burkina junta leader

  • 3

    CIA releases two Mandarin-language videos inviting officials to spill secrets

  • 4

    Notes from Central Taiwan: Taiwan’s health system is going to erode, not collapse

  • 5

    MAC flags CCP-linked essay contest