Sometimes life really can be a rat race.
US scientists have reported successfully trained a group of rodents to drive tiny cars in exchange for bits of Froot Loops cereal, and found that learning the task lowered their stress levels.
Their study not only shows how sophisticated rat brains are, but could one day help in developing new non-pharmaceutical forms of treatment for mental illness, senior author Kelly Lambert of the University of Richmond told reporters on Wednesday.
Photo: AFP / University of Richmond
Lambert said that she had long been interested in neuroplasticity — how the brain changes in response to experience and challenges — and wanted to explore how well rats that were housed in more natural settings — “enriched environments” — performed against those kept in labs.
She and colleagues modified a robot car kit by adding a clear plastic food container to form a driver compartment with an aluminum plate placed on the bottom.
A copper wire was threaded horizontally across the cab to form three bars: left, center and right. When a rat placed itself on the aluminum floor and touched the wire, the circuit was complete and the car moved in the direction selected.
Seventeen rats were trained over several months to drive around an arena 150cm by 60cm made of plexiglass.
Writing in the journal Behavioural Brain Research, the researchers said that the animals could be taught to drive forward as well as steer in more complex navigational patterns.
As she had suspected, Lambert found that the animals kept in stimuli-rich environments performed far better than their lab rat counterparts, but “it was actually quite shocking to me that they were so much better,” she said.
The rats’ feces were collected after their trials to test for the stress hormone corticosterone as well as dehydroepiandrosterone, which counters stress.
All rats that underwent training had higher levels dehydroepiandrosterone, indicating a more relaxed state, which could be linked to the satisfaction of gaining mastery over a new skill.
The rats that drove themselves also showed higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone than those who were merely passengers when a human controlled the vehicle, meaning that they were less stressed.
The biggest takeaway for Lambert was the potential for new avenues of treatment that the work opened up for people suffering from mental health conditions.
“There’s no cure for schizophrenia or depression,” she said. “We need to catch up, and I think we need to look at different animal models and different types of tasks and really respect that behavior can change our neurochemistry.”
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