Soaring temperatures broke records in France, Britain and the Netherlands yesterday as a heat wave gripped Europe for the second time in a month, in what scientists said were becoming more frequent events as the planet heats up.
As a cauldron of hot air from the Sahara Desert moved across the continent, drawn northward by high pressure, Paris recorded its highest temperature since records began and Britain reported its hottest weather for July.
The unusual conditions brought a reduction in French and German nuclear power output, disrupted rail travel in parts of Britain and sent some Europeans, not habitual users of air-conditioning in their homes, out to the shops in search of fans.
Health authorities issued warnings to the elderly, especially vulnerable to spikes in temperature.
“It’s very hot at the moment. I saw 42 degrees [Celsius] is forecast for today,” said 19-year-old French tourist Ombeline Massot in the capital’s Montmartre district, where visitors drank chilled bottles of water and fanned themselves.
Shortly after she spoke, the mercury touched 40.6°C in the French capital, above the previous Paris record of 40.4°C recorded in July 1947.
In Britain, the temperature reached its highest for July, hitting 36.9°C, said the Met Office, the national weather service.
The temperature, recorded at Heathrow, London, beat the previously July record of 36.7°C.
In the southern Netherlands, the temperature peaked at 40.4°C, topping 40°C for the first time on record, Dutch meteorology institute KNMI said.
That broke the national record of 39.3°C set the previous day. Before this week, the national heat record of 38.6°C had stood for 75 years.
The heat is expected to persist until today.
Climate specialists said such heat waves are becoming more frequent as a result of global warming.
Britons were facing travel disruption, with trains being forced to slow down to prevent tracks buckling in the heat.
Several train operators asked commuters not to travel or set off very early.
A Met Office study found that a heat wave like one that broke records last year was 30 times more likely to occur than in 1750 because of the high amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Since the preindustrial period the Earth’s surface temperature has risen by 1°C.
“There is a 40 to 50 percent chance that this will be the warmest July on record. This heat wave is exactly in line with climate change predictions,” said Karsten Haustein at the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford.
“The fact that so many recent years have had very high summer temperatures both globally and across Europe is very much in line with what we expect from man-made global warming,” University of Reading senior research fellow Peter Inness said.
The heat wave in the UK is expected to come to an abrupt end today with thunderstorms forecast for several parts of the kingdom, the Met Office said.
Very high temperatures across Europe coupled with prolonged dry weather has reduced French nuclear power generation by about 5.2 gigawatts, or 8 percent, data from French power grid operator RTE showed.
High water temperatures and sluggish flows limit the ability to use river water to cool reactors.
In Germany, PreussenElektra, the nuclear unit of utility E.ON, said it would take its Grohnde reactor offline today due to high temperatures in the Weser River.
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