India’s ruling Hindu nationalist party yesterday was sworn into government for the first time in the nation’s only Muslim-majority state after a power-sharing deal with a regional rival.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) have forged a coalition government after inconclusive elections two months ago for the restive Himalayan region’s state assembly.
Muslim PDP head Mufti Mohammad Sayeed was sworn in as chief minister of the region, where a sporadic revolt against Indian rule has been waged since 1989. In a symbolic gesture he enthusiastically embraced Modi, who was on stage to witness the historic ceremony.
“This is a great day. No one in their wildest dreams ever thought of this,” PDP leader Naeem Akhtar said after the ceremony in the region’s winter capital of Jammu. “But I think Mufti Sayeed and the national [BJP] leadership of Modi-ji, they are on a journey to turn around Kashmir,” Akhtar said, using a Hindi honorific for respect.
The inauguration, held amid tight security at the University of Jammu, came after weeks of intense negotiations between the two parties, which disagree on several critical issues in the region. Sayeed described the alliance as the “coming together of the North Pole and the South Pole,” while the BJP hailed the move as a “miracle of democracy.”
The negotiations followed elections in December last year that saw the BJP capture 25 seats mainly in the Hindu-dominated Jammu region, while the PDP took 28, mostly in the Kashmir valley where Muslim separatist sentiment has traditionally been strongest.
However, both failed to secure a majority to the 87-seat assembly, forcing the negotiations.
Both parties benefited at the polls from widespread discontent at the state’s then-ruling National Conference party, over its handling of floods that killed more than 200 people in Kashmir in September last year.
The polls were marred by a number of deadly attacks in the region, which is divided between India and Pakistan, and claimed by both.
Rebel groups have been fighting Indian forces since 1989 for independence or a merger of the territory with Muslim-majority Pakistan. The fighting has left tens of thousands dead, mostly civilians.
Swarms of police patrolled the university grounds before the ceremony, which was also attended by BJP president Amit Shah.
“We have taken all necessary measures along the border [with Pakistan] and in the city to maintain law and order,” police inspector-general for the Jammu region, Rajesh Kumar, said.
Modi and Sayeed last week finally agreed on a common agenda to jointly rule the state and details were expected to be unveiled at a news conference later yesterday.
However, the agenda is unlikely to include any reference to scrapping a constitutional provision which allows Kashmir to make its own laws, even though the BJP has long been committed to its abolition.
The BJP has also traditionally baulked at demands by the PDP to scrap a draconian law that gives Indian forces sweeping search and shoot-on-sight powers in Kashmir, which is seen by critics as a cover for rights abuses.
Analysts warned that the coming together of two ideologically different parties could fuel discontent among Hindus in Jammu as well as Muslims in the Kashmir valley.
“A big challenge will be to shore up credibility among voters in both regions of the state,” journalist and historian Siddiq Wahid said. “What direction the discontent will take will depend on whether civil rights, like holding peaceful protest marches, will again be curbed.”
The PDP pledged during the election campaign to halt the BJP’s growing influence after Modi swept to power at general polls in May last year.
The new coalition government faces the tough challenge of rebuilding after floods that destroyed US$16 billion worth of property and infrastructure.
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