1. 為了在最短期間精通日文，他非常用功。
ˇ He is working very hard (in order) to master Japanese in the shortest possible time.
χ He is working very hard for mastering Japanese in the shortest possible time.
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:AdobeStock
註: 用 for ＋ 動名詞表示目的，是不合習慣的，應改用不定詞。請看下列句子：
農夫們拿起了武器來保衛他們的村莊。
The farmers took up arms to defend their village.
Photo: AdobeStock l 圖片:AdobeStock
為了改進工作，我們修改了部分計劃。
We made some changes in our plan (in order) to improve our work.
for 作「為了」解，後面跟名詞則是通順的。例如：
我們為這個計畫拚命。
We are working hard for this project.
我們正在為下一代創造更幸福的生活。
We are building a happier life for our children.
2. 他很怕冷。
ˇ The cold bothers him.
ˇ Cold weather bothers him.
χ He is afraid of the cold.
註: 我們在英漢詞典或中學課本中所看到的英文字詞的中文解釋，和它的英文原義往往只有局部相等。中文的「怕」只有在表達恐懼時，才能用fear 或be afraid of，不能隨便套用，請參考下面二例：
這錶不怕水。
The watch is waterproof.
我不怕熱。
The heat doesn’t bother me.
3. 這兒交通很方便。
ˇ It is quite easy to get anywhere from here.
χ The traffic is very convenient here.
註: traffic 主要指的是來往的車輛。關於誤句我們曾經做過一項調查，詢問了十幾位以英語為母語的人士，沒有人懂得誤句的意思。以下是他們的反應：“Too weird to understand.”、“Not certain.”、“Too strange.”、“Unintelligible.”。經過解釋後，他們表示除了上面所舉的正句外，可視情況說：
Transportation/Travel is convenient here.
The traffic conditions are good.
Getting around is easy.
It’s a good location for public transportation.
4. 我背痛。
ˇ I have pain in my back.
χ I am painful in my back.
註: painful 用於事物，意為「痛苦的」。例如：
Did you have a painful experience?
We are apt to reject painful truths.
類似的形容詞有 shameful、dangerous、frightful、wonderful、harmful等。
5. 全校老師領導學生共同打掃校園。
ˇ All the teachers led the students in cleaning up the school grounds together.
χ All the teachers led the students to clean up the school grounds together.
註: lead ＋受詞（人）＋不定詞作「使人……」解，例如：What led you to think so?。lead 作“領導”解時，後接受詞，可用副詞片語修飾， 但不接不定詞，如“工程師領導我們重建大橋”一語不應譯為 *The engineer led us to reconstruct the bridge.，應改為The engineer led us in the reconstruction of the bridge.。
Exercises
A.為了改進工作，他們修改了部分計畫。
They made some changes in their plan __________ their work.
1. for improving 2. to improve
3. in order to improving 4. improving
B.是什麼使你們相信你們會獲得最後的勝利？
What led you __________ that you would win in the end?
1. believe 2. believing
3. in believing 4. to believe
Answers : A. 2 B. 4
文章由書林出版公司提供：
www.bookman.com.tw
蘇正隆 — 台灣翻譯學學會前理事長、師大翻譯研究所兼任副教授; 編著《走讀自然.花言樹語》，《英語的對與錯》，《世紀病毒：必讀防疫英文知識與詞彙》...等。國家教育研究院中英雙語詞彙審議委員；研究領域為翻譯、術語及詞典編譯，從事植物與人文導覽數十年，亦曾應邀遠赴國外大學做植物人文導覽。
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