World Bank president David Malpass on Wednesday said that it could take years for global energy production to diversify away from Russia after its invasion of Ukraine, prolonging the risk of stagflation, or a period of low growth and high inflation.
In a speech at Stanford University, Malpass said that there was an increased likelihood of a recession in Europe, while China’s growth was slowing sharply and US economic output had contracted in the first half of this year.
Those developments would have grave consequences for developing countries, Malpass said, citing what he called “consequential” and “worsening” challenges facing development.
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Addressing the current “perfect storm” of rising interest rates, high inflation and slowing growth requires new macroeconomic and microeconomic approaches, including better-targeted spending and clearly messaged efforts to increase supplies, Malpass said.
Malpass said that the bank’s upcoming “Poverty and Shared Prosperity” report showed that decades of progress in reducing poverty had slowed by 2015, even before the COVID-19 pandemic, which sent an additional 70 million people into extreme poverty.
The report, due out next week, also showed a 4 percent decline in the global median income, the first decline since the bank began measuring that indicator in 1990, he said.
“The developing world is facing an extremely challenging near-term outlook shaped by sharply higher food fertilizer and energy prices; rising interest rates and credit spreads; currency depreciation and capital outflows,” Malpass said.
“A pressing danger for the developing world is that the sharp slowdown in global growth deepens into a global recession,” he said, adding that many of these countries were still struggling to return to pre-pandemic per capita income levels at a time of heightened climate change risks.
Malpass said that it was unclear whether there would be enough global capital to meet the needs of advanced economies, which had adopted fiscal policies favoring higher debt levels, and whether there would still be enough leftover to fund the investment needs of developing countries.
He urged countries to look for ways to reduce inflation beyond the highly synchronized interest rates hikes now under way, including by increasing fiscal efficiency to target spending more to the poor and vulnerable.
Such adjustments would improve the allocation of global capital, providing a path to reduce inflation while restarting growth in median income, he said.
More funding for education, health preparedness and adaptation to climate change was urgently needed, he said, along with steps to reduce the staggering debt levels burdening many developing countries.
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