Sun, Mar 15, 2020 page16

• Electric vehicles struggling for momentum in Pakistan

  • By Imran Mukhtar / Thomson Reuters Foundation, ISLAMABAD
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  As Pakistan’s first-ever electric three-wheeled rickshaws start to roll off the assembly line, the country is struggling to build momentum for its shift to electric vehicles as part of efforts to cut air pollution and curb climate change.

  It has been four months since Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan’s Cabinet approved the National Electric Vehicle Policy, offering tax exemptions and incentives to manufacturers, importers and buyers of electric vehicles (EVs).

  However, pushback by traditional automakers has stalled the government’s finalizing of the policy, leaving EV makers worried that eco-friendly cars, vans, motorcycles and rickshaws will remain too expensive for the mass market.

  “The electric rickshaws have comparatively much lower running and maintenance costs,” said Syed Ismail Ghaznavi, sales head at Sazgar Engineering Works Ltd, which launched the country’s first electric rickshaw in January.

  Sazgar’s electric rickshaw can travel up to 170km on a charge, has almost no moving parts — meaning fewer trips to the mechanic — and produces zero emissions, he said.

  “But we need the government support to roll it out on a larger scale for the public,” Ghaznavi said.

  Transport accounts for more than 40 percent of the air pollution produced in the country, Pakistani Ministry of Climate Change data showed.

  In the policy it approved in November last year, the government set a target to bring 500,000 electric motorcycles and rickshaws, along with more than 100,000 electric cars, buses and trucks, into the transportation system in the next five years.

  By 2030, the government wants to have about one-third of the vehicles in Pakistan running on electrical energy, said Malik Amin Aslam, the prime minister’s adviser on climate change,

  The move to electric vehicles is “a win-win strategy,” Aslam told the Thomson Reuters Foundation, saying that it should reduce emissions by nearly three-fourths and cut the cost of running a vehicle by 60 percent.

  Pakistan generates less than 1 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, but it is one of the countries that suffers most from the effects of climate change, including flooding, droughts, heat waves and melting glaciers, environmental experts have said.

  The Global Climate Risk Index 2020, issued by environmental think tank Germanwatch, ranked Pakistan fifth among the 10 countries most affected by extreme weather over the past 20 years.

  “Our food security is at risk due to these climate change conditions, and we have to focus on adaptation,” said Imran Saqib Khalid, a research fellow at the Sustainable Development Policy Institute, an Islamabad-based independent think tank.

  In particular, the new EV policy would help curb air pollution and smog, “a major environmental problem the country has been facing for the past few years,” he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

  Urban air pollution levels in Pakistan, a country of more than 200 million people, are among the most severe in the world, stemming from increasing energy use and rapid motorization, a 2014 World Bank study said.

  The number of vehicles on Pakistan’s roads jumped from about 2 million in 1991 to more than 10 million two decades later, the report said.

  As it tries to spark an electric mobility revolution, Pakistan is following countries such as Norway, France and the UK, all of which have said that they would ban sales of internal combustion engine-powered vehicles within the next 20 years.

  Pakistan’s government plans to use a raft of monetary incentives to convince the country’s automaker and the public to switch to environmentally friendly modes of transport.

  To encourage prospective buyers, the government has said that it aims to lower or do away with various taxes on EVs and bring down customs duty for imported parts to 1 percent.

  It also plans to establish fast-charging stations in all major cities, and along major motorways and highways every 15km to 30km.

  However, some automakers are pushing back, saying that creating incentives specifically for EVs unfairly benefits the nascent industry while leaving the traditional automobile sector floundering.

  Sales of fossil fuel-powered vehicles in Pakistan last year dropped drastically following the devaluation of the Pakistani rupee, which led to a sharp increase in the price of vehicles and parts.

  “Our only concern is that there should be only one auto policy and not a separate policy for EVs,” Pakistan Automotive Manufacturers Association director-general Abdul Waheed Khan told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

  The association has agreed to the tax exemptions and incentives being offered for EVs, but has urged the government to also protect existing investment in the traditional auto sector, Khan said by telephone.

  Majeed Ghauri, chairman of the Awami Rickshaw Union, which represents the country’s rickshaw drivers, said that the group welcomed the government’s announcement of special incentives to promote electric rickshaws.

  However, the government should find a way to make electric rickshaws cheaper than traditional ones — which can cost up to 270,000 rupees (US$1,721) — to make them affordable for low-income drivers, he said.

  “We want to get rid of noisy, smoke-emitting rickshaws and it is better that environmentally friendly rickshaws should ply on the roads to end pollution,” Ghauri said. “But these should be cheap and should have power equal to that of traditional ones.”

  Pakistan Electric Vehicles Manufacturers Association chairman Muhammad Sabir Shaikh said that he is confident the switch to electric would prove successful “in a very short span of time,” reducing air pollution and boosting investment in the country’s auto sector.

  As many as 80 motorcycle assembly plants in Pakistan have closed in the past several years due to a substantial fall in profits, said Shaikh, who also heads the Association of Pakistan Motorcycle Assemblers.

  “Now the majority of them want to assemble e-motorcycles to revive their business,” he said.
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