Feeling trapped in her “boring” life as a member of China’s modern workforce, “Yaorenmao” escapes online, where she prances and preens in cosplay outfits for her 1.3 million fans.
Her alternative world is Bilibili (嗶哩嗶哩), a Shanghai-based video sharing platform that has attracted more than 150 million Chinese users with its eclectic mix of user-generated videos and animation largely inspired by the Japanese world of animation, comics and games (ACG).
Spurred in part by a shortage of engaging youth-oriented content in China, where Facebook and YouTube are blocked, and media and entertainment outlets are heavily censored, Chinese ACG is developing into a multibillion-dollar industry, analysts have said, drawing investment from tech titans such as Tencent Holdings Ltd (騰訊) and Alibaba Group Holding Ltd (阿里巴巴).
With amateur video uploads booming in smartphone-addicted China, platforms like Bilibili are fueling and capitalizing on the ease with which the average Chinese armed with a camera can attain viral celebrity.
Twenty-something Yaorenmao, a pseudonym that means “cat that bites people,” a few years ago began to upload brief do-it-yourself videos from her home in Chengdu in 2011. She dances to saccharine-sweet tunes in the clips, acting out an unfulfilled childhood dream of becoming a dancer.
“I worked like a normal person after graduation [from university], but normal life and work are just too boring,” she said, withholding her real name and occupation to keep her two lives separate.
Fans accumulated, often sending gifts or money, which she plows back into increasingly elaborate costumes and settings, including a 10,000 yuan (US$1,526) trip to Japan to shoot videos during the picturesque cherry blossom season.
Her fans approach her amateurish work “with a generous heart and encourage me, because they want to see me getting better and better. It’s as if they are getting better and better themselves,” she told reporters.
Based heavily on hugely popular Japanese ACG sites like Niconico, Bilibili hooks many with its signature live comment feature, in which waves of user remarks flow across the screen in real time, often obscuring the videos being commented on.
Bilibili chairman Chen Rui (陳睿) told reporters that Chinese millennials born in the Internet age are increasingly inhabiting the virtual world.
“Everyone is afraid of loneliness and everyone wishes for a better world where you can speak your mind and don’t have to see people you don’t like,” Chen said. “Once you’ve seen the world Bilibili created, you can never leave.”
Analysts have estimated that China’s ACG world has more than doubled in the past four years to about 300 million fans, whose spending within the subculture averages more than 1,700 yuan per year, and some predict the industry could one day rival its Japanese forebears.
Bilibili offers a bewildering array of material — 70 percent of it user-generated — including role-playing; quirky personal videos like Yaorenmao’s; amateur commentary on lifestyle, tech, beauty, fashion and entertainment; games; and, of course, Japanese anime series.
Even the Chinese Communist Youth League has opened a Bilibili feed containing videos extolling the Chinese Communist Party.
Huang Yanhua (黃燕華), an analyst with iResearch Consulting Group (艾瑞諮詢集團), said China’s online ACG world is in a messy “beginning stage,” but she expects it to serve as an incubator for successful original Chinese content.
“Each generation has their own way of entertaining. People born after the 1990s have started working and they are now the main consumption force in China, and as their hobbies become the mainstream it will change the industry landscape,” Huang said.
Tencent launched its own Bilibili-like site, Tencent Comics, in 2012 and is now partnering directly with Bilibili to produce animated videos.
E-commerce giant Alibaba, through its streaming subsidiary Youku Tudou Inc (優酷土豆), led a US$50 million investment in Bilibili rival AcFun in 2015.
Market analysis firm CIConsulting said that China’s ACG market has become a fast-growing multibillion-dollar industry.
Bilibili launched an annual Shanghai convention in 2013 that drew just 800 people. This year’s event in July attracted more than 100,000 uploaders like Yaorenmao and fans, most in their teens or early 20s, and many dressed flamboyantly in comic character costumes.
Zeng Hang (曾航), chief executive of a military-themed online program called Crazy Warfare Show (軍武次位面), said the virtual realm was rapidly replacing the real world for countless Chinese millennials grappling with the country’s rapid economic, technological and social changes.
“They now live in tall buildings in Shanghai and they may not even know the kid next door,” Zeng said.
Bilibili’s often frivolous content is a salve, he said.
“People are also under lots of pressure in China, so they like these things,” Zeng said. “They care more about their existence in the virtual world and they are willing to spend on what they like.”
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