The re-election of India’s Congress party should provide five years of political stability to push vital reforms and growth that could help lift millions out of abject poverty, economists say.
The center-left Congress won its biggest mandate since 1991, confounding expectations the polls would throw up a fragile coalition that would be unable to take any controversial steps to further open up the economy.
“These are the best election results in nearly two decades,” said Rajeev Malik, economist at Australia’s Maquarie Securities after the Congress-led alliance captured a projected 255 to 260 seats against 160 for the main opposition bloc led by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party.
PHOTO: AFP
“They’re good news from both the aspect of a continuation of economic policies and an emphasis on much-needed economic reforms,” Malik said.
LIBERALIZATION
More liberalization to pull in foreign investment has long been prescribed by economists as the best way to boost growth in India and alleviate poverty in a country where more than 40 percent of the 1.1 billion population live on less than US$1.25 a day.
But moves such as privatization, introducing flexible hire-and-fire laws, opening up the retail and financial sectors to foreign investors and the creation of special economic zones have proved highly contentious.
In some instances, such as the creation of sprawling duty-free business enclaves to spur industrial growth, there have been deadly clashes over land rights.
Economic reforms were bitterly opposed by the communists, who propped up the last Congress-led coalition led by Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh for most of its five-year term.
He is known as India’s “economic liberator” for initiating the first wave of reforms in 1991 when he was finance minister.
The so-called “dream team” of Singh and another arch reformer, P. Chidambaram, who held the finance portfolio for nearly all the government’s most recent five-year mandate, soft-pedaled on major structural reforms.
They focused instead on populist measures such as a national rural jobs scheme and massive farm loan waivers as they walked the tricky tightrope of coalition politics.
However, with the communists having suffered a major reversal and Congress firmly in the driver’s seat, analysts say the government will have no excuse not to press ahead with liberalization.
“They can’t say any more the communists are blocking their reform agenda,” political risk analyst Subhash Agrawal said.
India’s stock market was expected to soar today on the election results.
“The rout of the Left is good news for investors,” said Deepak Lalwani, India director of Astaire and Partners.
Analysts said they expected the government to give an indication of its reform intentions in the budget due in the next couple of months.
Whatever it does, the government must improve India’s antiquated ports and roads, power shortages and other infrastructure woes that are major restraints to stronger growth, industrialists said.
INFRASTRUCTURE
“Our infrastructure is a disaster compared to the Chinese,” said Rahul Bajaj, chairman of leading Indian motorcycle maker Bajaj Auto.
At the same time, economists said the government could not afford any fiscal blowout in spurring India’s growth, which is slowing for the first time in close to a decade as a result of the global recession.
Authorities estimate growth for the fiscal year ended in March was about 6.5 percent after expansion of 9 percent the previous year. They expect it lose more traction this year, slowing to around 6 percent.
Congress has promised more fiscal stimulus but global ratings agencies say too much spending could jeopardize India’s already precarious investment grade credit rating, which is just one notch above “junk.”
The national fiscal deficit for last year was 6 percent of GDP — more than double the target — and around 11 percent if the states’ deficits are included, making it among the world’s highest.
“India faces considerable challenges in balancing the need for short-term stimulus measures” and putting its public finances in order, said James McCormack, head of Asia Sovereigns at Fitch Ratings.
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